Kilo-class submarine

Kilo-class submarine
File:OP KILO.JPG An Iranian Kilo-class submarine, the #Yunes
Class overview
Builders:	Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineering “Rubin” Shipyard 199 "Krasnoe Sormovo", Nizhniy Novgorod (Gorkiy) Shipyard 112,"imeni Leninskogo Komsomola", Komsoloľsk na Amure Shipyard "Leningradskoe Admiralteyskoe Obedinenie" (Admiralteyskie Verfi), Saint Petersburg (Leningrad) Shipyard "Severnoe Mašinostroiteľnoe Predprijatie", Severodvinsk
Operators:	Soviet Navy Russian Navy People's Liberation Army Navy Indian Navy Islamic Republic of Iran Navy Polish Navy Romanian Naval Forces Algerian National Navy Vietnamese People's Navy
Preceded by:	Tango-class submarine
Succeeded by:	Lada-class submarine
In commission:	April 1982
Building:	7
Completed:	57
Active:	47
Lost:	1
Retired:	2
General characteristics
Displacement:	Surfaced: 2,300–2,350 tons Submerged:3,000-3,950 tons full load
Length:	70.0–74.0 m
Beam:	9.9 m
Draft:	6.5 m
Depth of hold:	Operational: 240 meters Maximum: 300 meters
Installed power:	Diesel-electric
Propulsion:	Diesel-electric propulsion 2 x 1000 kW Diesel generators 1 x 5,500–6,800 shp Propulsion motor 1 x fixed-pitch 6 or 7 bladed Propeller (6BL project 877) (7BL project 636)
Speed:	Surfaced: 10–12 knots Submerged: 17–25 knots
Range:	With snorkel: 6,000–7,500 miles at 7 knots Submerged: 400 miles at 3 knots Full run: 12.7 miles at 21 knots
Endurance:	45 days
Test depth:	300 m
Complement:	52
Armament:	6/533 mm torpedo tubes 18 torpedoes Club S anti-ship missiles (only on some export versions) 24 mines 8 SA-N-8 Gremlin or 8 SA-N-10 Gimlet Surface-to-air missiles (export submarines may not be equipped with air defense weapons)

The crew of the Russian Pacific Fleet's diesel-powered B-190 Krasnokamensk Kilo-class submarine on the eve of Submariner Day, due to be celebrated on March 19, 2008

The Kilo class is the NATO reporting name for a naval diesel-electric submarine that is made in Russia. The original version of the vessels were designated Project 877 Paltus (Halibut) in Russia. There is also a more advanced version, designated as Improved Kilo in the west, and Project 636 Varshavyanka in Russia.

The Kilo class was to have been succeeded by the Lada class. In November 2011 the Russian Navy announced that the Lada class will not enter service because trials with the lead boat of the new class, Sankt Peterburg (B-585) had shown major deficiencies. Construction of two further boats has been suspended.

The boats are mainly intended for anti-shipping and anti-submarine operations in relatively shallow waters. Original Project 877 boats are equipped with Rubikon MGK-400 sonar system (with NATO reporting name Shark Gill), which includes a mine detection and avoidance sonar MG-519 Arfa (with NATO reporting name Mouse Roar). Newer Project 636 boats are equipped with improved MGK-400EM, with MG-519 Afra also upgraded to MG-519EM. The improved sonar systems have reduced the number of operators needed by sharing the same console via automation.

Anechoic tiles are fitted on casings and fins to absorb the sound waves of active sonar, which results in a reduction and distortion of the return signal. These tiles also help attenuate sounds that are emitted from the submarine, thus reducing the range by which the sub may be detected by passive sonar.

One Kilo class submarine B-871 was equipped with pump-jet propulsion.

Operators

The first submarine entered service in the Soviet Navy in 1980, and the class remains in use with the Russian Navy today. 17 vessels are believed to still be in active service with the Russian Navy, while 7 vessels are thought to be in reserve. So far, 33 vessels have been exported to several countries:

• Algeria : 2 Original Kilo, 2 Improved Kilo. 2 kilo 636M (contract being finalized)
• People's Republic of China : 2 Original Kilo, 10 Improved Kilo.
• India : Designated as the Sindhughosh class; 9 active, 1 sunk
• Poland : 1 Kilo ORP Orzeł.
• Iran : 3 Kilo.
• Romania : 1 Kilo – (Delfinul II).
• Russia : 17 Kilo in active service (B-445; B-459 Vladikavkaz; B-464 Ust'-Kamchatsk; B-471 Magnitogorsk; B-494 Ust'-Bolsheretsk; B-800 Kaluga; B-871 Alrosa; B-808 Yaroslavl'; B-177 Lipetsk; B-806; B-340; B-190; B-227; B-260 Chita; B-345; B-394; B-402 Vologda).; 6 Improved Kilo ordered
• Vietnam : 6 Improved Kilo (Kilo-636 KMV) on order, contract signed in 2010, production of one per year.

Possible operators

• The government of Venezuela expressed interest in buying 3 Project 636 Kilo class submarines

• The government of Indonesia in 2007-2008 planned to acquire at least 2 Kilo class submarines. In October 2013, the ministry of defence of Indonesia reported the possibility of a grant from the Russian government involving up to ten ex-Russian navy Kilo-class submarines.

Project 877 units

Project 877 – significant dates

Operator	#	Name	Shipyard	Project	Laid down	Launched	Commissioned	Fleet	Status
Russia	B-248	x	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	000000001980-03-16-0000March 16, 1980	000000001980-09-12-0000September 12, 1980	000000001980-12-31-0000December 31, 1980		in reserve
Russia	B-260	Chita	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	000000001981-02-22-0000February 22, 1981	000000001981-08-23-0000August 23, 1981	000000001981-12-30-0000December 30, 1981	PF	active as of 2010
Russia	B-227	Vyborg	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	000000001982-02-23-0000February 23, 1982	000000001982-09-16-0000September 16, 1982	000000001983-02-23-0000February 23, 1983	BF	active as of 2010
Russia	B-229	x	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	000000001983-02-23-0000February 23, 1983	000000001983-07-15-0000July 15, 1983	000000001983-10-30-0000October 30, 1983		in reserve
Russia	B-404	x	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	000000001983-05-07-0000May 7, 1983	000000001983-09-24-0000September 24, 1983	000000001983-12-30-0000December 30, 1983		in reserve
Russia	B-401	Novosibirsk	Nizhniy Novgorod	877	000000001982-10-06-0000October 6, 1982	000000001984-03-15-0000March 15, 1984	000000001984-09-30-0000September 30, 1984	NF	active as of 2010
Russia	B-402	Vologda	Nizhniy Novgorod	877	000000001983-08-24-0000August 24, 1983	000000001984-09-29-0000September 29, 1984	000000001984-12-30-0000December 30, 1984	NF	active as of 2010
Russia	B-405	(ex Tyumenskiy Komsomolets)	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	000000001984-04-20-0000April 20, 1984	000000001984-09-21-0000September 21, 1984	000000001984-12-30-0000December 30, 1984		decommissioned and sold for scrap in 2007
Poland	291 (ex B-351)	Orzeł	Nizhniy Novgorod	877E	000000001984-01-01-00001984	000000001985-01-01-00001985	000000001985-01-01-00001985		active as of 2010
Romania	581 (ex B-801)	Delfinul	Nizhniy Novgorod	877E	000000001984-01-01-00001984	000000001985-01-01-00001985	000000001985-01-01-00001985		unknown (in reserve from 1995)
India	S55	Sindhugosh	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	000000001983-05-29-0000May 29, 1983	000000001985-07-29-0000July 29, 1985	000000001985-11-25-0000November 25, 1985		active as of 2010, modernized to project 08773 in 2002–2005
Russia	B-470	x	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	000000001985-05-06-0000May 6, 1985	000000001985-08-27-0000August 27, 1985	000000001985-12-30-0000December 30, 1985		decommissioned and sold for scrap in 2007
Russia	B-806	x	Nizhniy Novgorod	877EKM[citation needed]	000000001984-10-15-0000October 15, 1984	000000001986-04-30-0000April 30, 1986	000000001986-09-25-0000September 25, 1986	BF	active as of 2009, status in 2010 unknown
India	S56	Sindhudhvaj	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	000000001986-04-01-0000April 1, 1986	000000001986-07-27-0000July 27, 1986	000000001986-11-25-0000November 25, 1986		active as of 2010
Algeria	012	Rais Hadj Mubarek	Nizhniy Novgorod	877EKM	000000001985-01-01-00001985	000000001986-01-01-00001986	000000001986-11-29-0000November 29, 1986		Upgraded in 2010, able to launch Klub missiles
Russia	B-439	x	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	000000001986-04-04-0000April 4, 1986	000000001986-07-31-0000July 31, 1986	000000001986-12-30-0000December 30, 1986		in reserve
India	S57	Sindhuraj	Nizhniy Novgorod	877EKM	000000001986-01-01-00001986	000000001987-01-01-00001987	000000001987-09-02-0000September 2, 1987		active as of 2010, modernized to project 08773 in 1999–2001
Algeria	013	Rais Hadj Slimane	Nizhniy Novgorod	877EKM	000000001986-01-01-00001986	000000001987-01-01-00001987	000000001987-11-25-0000November 25, 1987		Upgraded in 2011, able to launch Klub missiles
India	S58	Sindhuvir	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	000000001987-05-15-0000May 15, 1987	000000001987-09-13-0000September 13, 1987	000000001987-12-25-0000December 25, 1987		active as of 2010, modernized to project 08773 in 1997–1999
Russia	B-445	Svyatoi Nikolai Chudotvorets	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	000000001987-03-21-0000March 21, 1987	000000001987-09-26-0000September 26, 1987	000000001988-01-30-0000January 30, 1988	PF	unknown (in reserve from 2007 or active)
India	S59	Sindhuratna	Nizhniy Novgorod	877EKM	000000001987-01-01-00001987	000000001988-01-01-00001988	000000001988-08-14-0000August 14, 1988		active as of 2010, modernized to project 08773 in 2001–2003
India	S60	Sindhukesari	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	000000001988-04-20-0000April 20, 1988	000000001988-08-16-0000August 16, 1988	000000001988-10-29-0000October 29, 1988		active as of 2010, modernized to project 08773 in 1999–2001
Russia	B-808	Yaroslavl	Nizhniy Novgorod	877	000000001986-09-29-0000September 29, 1986	000000001988-07-30-0000July 30, 1988	000000001988-12-27-0000December 27, 1988	NF	active as of 2010
Russia	B-394	(ex Komsomolsk Tadjikistana)	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	000000001988-04-15-0000April 15, 1988	000000001988-09-03-0000September 3, 1988	000000001988-12-30-0000December 30, 1988	PF	unknown (in reserve from 2007 or active)
Russia	B-800	Kaluga (ex Vologodskij komsomolets)	Nizhniy Novgorod	877LPMB[citation needed]	000000001987-03-05-0000March 5, 1987	000000001989-05-07-0000May 7, 1989	000000001989-09-30-0000September 30, 1989	NF	refit as of 2012(refit finished launching of the vessel underway)
India	S61	Sindhukirti	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	000000001989-04-05-0000April 5, 1989	000000001989-08-26-0000August 26, 1989	000000001989-10-30-0000October 30, 1989		in modernization to project 08773 from 2007
Russia	B-464	Ust'-Kamchatsk	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	000000001989-05-26-0000May 26, 1989	000000001989-09-23-0000September 23, 1989	000000001990-01-30-0000January 30, 1990	PF	in reserve from 2007
Russia	B-459	Vledikavkaz	Nizhniy Novgorod	877	000000001988-02-25-0000February 25, 1988	000000001990-04-29-0000April 29, 1990	000000001990-09-30-0000September 30, 1990	NF	unknown (in reserve from 2008 or active)
India	S62	Sindhuvijay	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	000000001990-04-06-0000April 6, 1990	000000001990-07-27-0000July 27, 1990	000000001990-10-27-0000October 27, 1990		active as of 2010, modernized to project 08773 in 2005–2007
Russia	B-871	Alrosa	Nizhniy Novgorod	877V[citation needed]	000000001988-05-17-0000May 17, 1988	000000001989-09-01-0000September 1989	000000001990-12-30-0000December 30, 1990	BSF	active as of 2010
Russia	B-471	Magnitogorsk	Nizhniy Novgorod	877	000000001988-10-26-0000October 26, 1988	000000001990-09-22-0000September 22, 1990	000000001990-12-30-0000December 30, 1990	NF	active as of 2010
Russia	B-494	Ust'-Bolsheretsk	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	000000001990-05-05-0000May 5, 1990	000000001990-10-04-0000October 4, 1990	000000001990-12-30-0000December 30, 1990	PF	unknown (in reserve from 2008 or active)
Iran	901	Tareg	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	000000001991-04-05-0000April 5, 1991	000000001991-09-25-0000September 25, 1991	000000001991-12-25-0000December 25, 1991		active as of 2012 Upgraded in Iran shipyard
Russia	B-187	x	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	000000001991-05-07-0000May 7, 1991	000000001991-10-05-0000October 5, 1991	000000001991-12-30-0000December 30, 1991	PF	in reserve from 2007
Russia	B-177	Lipetsk	Nizhniy Novgorod	877	000000001989-11-03-0000November 3, 1989	000000001991-07-27-0000July 27, 1991	000000001991-12-30-0000December 30, 1991	NF	active as of 2010
Russia	B-190	Krasnokamensk	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	000000001992-05-08-0000May 8, 1992	000000001992-09-25-0000September 25, 1992	000000001992-12-30-0000December 30, 1992	PF	active as of 2010
Iran	902	Noor	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	000000001992-04-30-0000April 30, 1992	000000001992-10-16-0000October 16, 1992	000000001992-12-31-0000December 31, 1992		unknown (probably in modernization in Iranian shipyard)
Russia	B-345	Mogocha	Komsomoľsk na Amure	877	000000001993-04-22-0000April 22, 1993	000000001993-10-06-0000October 6, 1993	000000001994-01-22-0000January 22, 1994	PF	active as of 2010
People's Republic of China	364	Yuan Zhend 64 Hao	Nizhniy Novgorod	877EKM	???	000000001994-01-01-00001994	000000001994-11-10-0000November 10, 1994		active as of 2007
People's Republic of China	365	Yuan Zhend 65 Hao	Nizhniy Novgorod	877EKM	???	000000001995-01-01-00001995	000000001995-08-14-0000August 14, 1995		active as of 2007
Iran	903	Yunes	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	000000001992-02-05-0000February 5, 1992	000000001994-07-12-0000July 12, 1994	000000001996-09-02-0000September 2, 1996		active as 2011 (probably in modernization in Iranian shipyard)
India	S63	Sindhurakshak	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	000000001995-02-16-0000February 16, 1995	000000001997-06-26-0000June 26, 1997	000000001997-10-02-0000October 2, 1997		On 29 January 2013, the Sindhurakshak began shipment to India from Severodvinsk, Russia after repairs. On August 14, 2013, there was an explosion and fire on the Sindhurakshak suspected to have occurred from the munitions onboard - killing 3 officers and 15 sailors at the Indian Navy's Dockyard at Mumbai Port. The submarine is reported to have been completely destroyed.
India	S64	Sindhushastra	Saint Petersburg	877EKM	000000001998-12-12-0000December 12, 1998	000000001999-10-14-0000October 14, 1999	000000002000-05-16-0000May 16, 2000		active as of 2010

Project 636 units

Project 636 – significant dates

Operator	#	Name	Shipyard	Project	Laid down	Launched	Commissioned	Fleet	Status
People's Republic of China	366	Yuan Zheng 66 Hao	Saint Petersburg	636	16 July 1996	26 April 1997	26 August 1997		active as of 2006
People's Republic of China	367	Yuan Zheng 67 Hao	Saint Petersburg	636	28 August 1997	18 June 1998	25 October 1998		active as of 2006
People's Republic of China	368	Yuan Zheng 68 Hao	Saint Petersburg	636M	18 October 2002	27 May 2004	20 October 2004		active as of 2006
People's Republic of China	369	Yuan Zheng 69 Hao	Saint Petersburg	636M	18 October 2002	19 August 2004	2005		active as of 2006
People's Republic of China	370	Yuan Zheng 70 Hao	Saint Petersburg	636M	2004	05.2005	2005		active as of 2006
People's Republic of China	371	Yuan Zheng 71 Hao	Saint Petersburg	636M	2004	2005	2005		active as of 2006
People's Republic of China	372	Yuan Zheng 72 Hao	Saint Petersburg	636M	2005	2005	2006		active as of 2006
People's Republic of China	373	Yuan Zheng 73 Hao	Nizhniy Novgorod	636M	07.1992	08.05.2004	05.08.2005		active as of 2007
People's Republic of China	374	Yuan Zheng 74 Hao	Severodvinsk	636M	29 May 2003	21 May 2005	30 December 2005		active as of 2006
People's Republic of China	375	Yuan Zheng 75 Hao	Severodvinsk	636M	29 May 2003	14 July 2005	30 December 2005		active as of 2006
Algeria	022	???	Saint Petersburg	636M	2006	20 November 2008	28 August 2009		active
Algeria	023 (?)	???	Saint Petersburg	636M	2007	09.04.2009	29 October 2009		active
Russia	B-261	Novorossiysk	Saint Petersburg	636.3	20 August 2010	Summer 2013	pl.2014	BSF	laid down
Russia	B-237	Rostov-on-Don	Saint Petersburg	636.3	21 November 2011		pl.2014	BSF	laid down
Russia	B-262	Stary Oskol	Saint Petersburg	636.3	17 August 2012		pl.2015	BSF	ordered
Russia	B-???	???	Saint Petersburg	636.3	2013		pl.2015		ordered
Russia	B-???	???	Saint Petersburg	636.3			pl.2016		ordered
Russia	B-???	???	Saint Petersburg	636.3			pl.2016		ordered
Vietnam	HQ-182	Hà Nội	Saint Petersburg	636M	25 August 2010	28 August 2012	pl.2013		ordered
Vietnam	HQ-183	Hồ Chí Minh City	Saint Petersburg	636M	28 September 2011	28 December 2012	pl.2013		ordered
Vietnam	HQ-184	Hải Phòng	Saint Petersburg	636M		August 2013	pl.2014		ordered
Vietnam	HQ-185	Đà Nẵng	Saint Petersburg	636M	2013		pl.2015		ordered
Vietnam	HQ-186	Khánh Hòa	Saint Petersburg	636M			pl.2016		ordered
Vietnam	HQ-187	Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu	Saint Petersburg	636M			pl.2016		ordered

Specifications

Schematic drawing of the Kilo class

There are several variants of the Kilo class. The information below is the smallest and largest number from the available information for all three variants of the ship.

• Displacement:
  • 2,300–2,350 tons surfaced
  • 3,000–4,000 tons submerged
• Dimensions:
  • Length: 70–74 meters
  • Beam: 9.9 meters
  • Draft: 6.2–6.5 meters
• Maximum speed
  • 10–12 knots surfaced
  • 17–25 knots submerged
• Propulsion: Diesel-electric 5,900 shp (4,400 kW)
• Maximum depth: 300 meters (240–250 meters operational)
• Endurance
  • 400 nautical miles (700 km) at 3 knots (6 km/h) submerged
  • 6,000 nautical miles (11,000 km) at 7 knots (13 km/h) snorkeling (7,500 miles for the Improved Kilo class)
  • 45 days sea endurance
• Armament
  • Air defence: 8 SA-N-8 Gremlin or SA-N-10 Gimlet surface-to-air missiles (export submarines may not be equipped with air defense weapons)
  • Six 533 mm torpedo tubes with 18 53-65 ASuW or TEST 71/76 ASW torpedoes or VA-111 Shkval supercavitating "underwater missiles", or 24 DM-1 mines,
  • Club S anti-ship missiles (only on some export versions)
• Crew: 52
• Price per unit is US$200–250 million (China paid approx. US$1.5-2 billion for 8 Project 636 Kilo class submarines)

Gallery

Polish Kilo class ORP Orzeł submarine, 26 June 2011

Russian Kilo class submarine

Algerian Kilo class submarine

A Chinese Kilo class submarine being delivered from Russia as deck cargo in 1995.

ORP Orzel (291) – Control room of 877E class submarine

See also

• Amur-class submarine
• S1000 submarine class
• Russian submarine Losharik
• Patrick Robinson – author of the novels Nimitz Class and Kilo Class; both describe hypothetical situations involving Kilo class submarines, though lacking credible detail^{[citation needed]}. The Kilo is portrayed in many of Robinson's other novels, where the ships' stealth may be overemphasized.
• List of ships of Algeria

References

• SSK Kilo Class (Type 636), Russian Federation(Naval technology)
• SSK Kilo Class (Type 877EKM), Russian Federation(Naval technology)
• "Kilo class – Project 636". GlobalSecurity.org. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/877.htm. Retrieved 24 February 2007. 
• "China Defence Today – Kilo Class Diesel-Electric Submarine". SinoDefence.com. http://www.sinodefence.com/navy/sub/kilo.asp. Retrieved 24 February 2007. 
• "Серия 877 Варшавянка". Encyclopedia of Ships (Russian language). http://ship.bsu.by/main.asp?id=101334. Retrieved 24 February 2007. 
• "Rubin". Rubin. http://www.ckb-rubin.ru/. Retrieved 24 February 2007. 
• "Kilo Class "Alrosa" Photoalbum: 100 Photos". Russian Black Sea Fleet. http://www.alrosa.net/photos/. Retrieved 5 October 2007.