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Joseph Cruess Callaghan

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Joseph Cruess Callaghan
Nickname The Mad Major
Born (1893-03-04)4 March 1893
Died 2 July 1918(1918-07-02) (aged 25)
Place of birth Kingstown, Ireland
Buried at Contay British Cemetery, Contay, France
Allegiance United Kingdom
Service/branch British Army
Royal Air Force
Years of service 1915–1918
Rank Major
Unit Royal Munster Fusiliers
No. 18 Squadron RFC
Commands held No. 87 Squadron RAF
Battles/wars World War I
 • Western Front
Awards Military Cross
Relations Stanislaus and Eugene Owen Cruess Callaghan (Brothers), Croasdella (nee Cruess Bolger) and Joseph Patrick Callaghan (Parents), Carmencita Hederman (niece)

Major Joseph Cruess Callaghan MC (4 March 1893 – 2 July 1918) was an Irish World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories.[1]

Early life and background[]

Callaghan was the eldest of six children of Joseph Patrick and Croasdella Cruess-Callaghan of Blackrock, Dublin. He was educated at Belvedere College, Dublin, and at Stonyhurst College, Lancashire, England.[2]

World War I[]

Callaghan was living in Texas when World War I began; he returned home to be commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 7th (Service) Battalion, Royal Munster Fusiliers in January 1915.[2] He transferred to the Royal Flying Corps on 1 September 1915,[3] and trained as a pilot, being granted Royal Aero Club Aviators Certificate No. 1829 on 4 October 1915, after soloing a Maurice Farman biplane at the Military School, Norwich,[4] and was appointed a flying officer on 25 January 1916.[5]

Callaghan was assigned to No. 18 Squadron RFC in April 1916;[3] and promptly piloted an F.E.2b to victory on 26 April, getting credit for destroying a Fokker Eindecker (though the Germans recorded no casualties). He crash-landed near Château de la Haie because of damaged controls, to discover his observer dead, shot through the head.[6] He was wounded in action on 31 July 1916.[1] Callaghan was appointed a flight commander with the temporary rank of captain, and 4 November 1916 was transferred to the Regular Army.[7] From January 1917 he served as Commandant of No. 2 Auxiliary School of Aerial Gunnery, Turnberry, with the temporary rank of major (graded as a squadron commander),[8] where his aerial stunts earned him the nickname "The Mad Major."[1][3]

For his service in France Callaghan was awarded the Military Cross, which was gazetted on 13 February 1917. His citation read:

Second Lieutenant (temporary Captain) Joseph Cruess Callaghan, Royal Munster Fusiliers and Royal Flying Corps.
"For conspicuous gallantry in action. He displayed marked courage and skill on several occasions in carrying out night bombing operations. On one occasion he extinguished a hostile searchlight."[9]

In April 1918, he returned to combat as commanding officer of No. 87 Squadron RAF, flying the Sopwith Dolphin, and gained four more aerial victories between 29 May and 28 June to become an ace.[1]

On 2 July 1918, Callaghan single-handedly attacked a group of as many as 25 German fighters. He was killed when his Dolphin was shot down in flames by Leutnant Franz Büchner of Jasta 13.[1][3] He is buried in the Contay British Cemetery, Contay, France.[10]

Two of his younger brothers also died during the war. Captain Stanislaus Cruess Callaghan was killed in a flying accident while serving in RFC Canada on 27 June 1917,[11][12] while Second Lieutenant Owen (or Eugene) Cruess Callaghan was killed in action on 26 August 1916 while serving in No. 19 Squadron RFC in France.[13][14]

List of aerial victories[]

Combat record[1]
No. Date/Time Aircraft/
Serial No. 		Opponent Result Location Notes
No. 18 Squadron RFC
1 26 April 1916 F.E.2b
(5232)		 Fokker E Destroyed Observer: Lieutenant J. Mitchell†
No. 87 Squadron RAF
2 29 May 1918
@ 1940		 Sopwith Dolphin
(D3671)		 Rumpler C Out of control Villers-Bretonneux
3 1 June 1918
@ 1415		 Sopwith Dolphin
(D3671)		 LVG C Destroyed West of Bertangles
4 28 June 1918
@ 0815–0915		 Sopwith Dolphin
(D3671)		 Albatros D.V Destroyed Bapaume—Quéant
5 Albatros D.V Out of control Bapaume

References[]

Notes
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Joseph Cruess Callaghan". The Aerodrome. 2016. http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/ireland/callaghan.php. Retrieved 8 May 2016. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Et Cietera". 3 August 1918. p. 16. http://archive.thetablet.co.uk/article/3rd-august-1918/16/et-cietera. Retrieved 8 May 2016. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Shores, Franks & Guest (1990), p. 94.
  4. ↑ "Aviators Certificates". 15 October 1915. p. 783. https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1915/1915%20-%200783.html. Retrieved 8 May 2016. 
  5. ↑ "No. 29467". 8 February 1916. p. 1489. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29467/supplement/1489 
  6. ↑ Guttman & Dempsey (2009), pp. 26–27.
  7. ↑ "No. 29812". 3 November 1916. p. 10643. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29812/supplement/10643 
  8. ↑ "No. 30569". 8 March 1918. p. 3099. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30569/supplement/3099 
  9. ↑ "No. 29940". 13 February 1917. p. 1540. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29940/supplement/1540 
  10. ↑ "Casualty Details: Callaghan, J. C.". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 2016. http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/81156/CALLAGHAN,%20J%20C. Retrieved 8 May 2016. 
  11. ↑ "Casualty Details: Cruess-Callaghan, Stanislaus". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 2016. http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/425405/CRUESS-CALLAGHAN,%20STANISLAUS. Retrieved 8 May 2016. 
  12. ↑ "Et Cietera". 14 July 1917. p. 21. http://archive.thetablet.co.uk/article/14th-july-1917/21/et-cietera. Retrieved 8 May 2016. 
  13. ↑ "Owen Cruess Callaghan". Our Heroes. 2016. http://ourheroes.southdublinlibraries.ie/node/17152. Retrieved 8 May 2016. 
  14. ↑ "Casualty Details: Callaghan, Eugene Cruess". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 2016. http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/743456/CALLAGHAN,%20EUGENE%20CRUESS. Retrieved 8 May 2016. 
Bibliography
  • Shores, Christopher F.; Franks, Norman & Guest, Russell F. (1990). Above the Trenches: a Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915–1920. London, UK: Grub Street. ISBN 978-0-948817-19-9. 
  • Guttman, Jon & Dempsey, Harry (2009). Pusher Aces of World War I. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-417-6. 
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