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[[File:John Sanford Barnes.jpg|thumb|250px|John Sanford Barnes]]

'''John Sanford Barnes''' (May 12, 1836 &ndash; November 22, 1911) was a [[United States Navy]] officer and businessman and naval historian.

==Biography==
Barnes was born at West Point, New York, in 1836, while his father, General [[James Barnes (general)|James Barnes]], served as an instructor there. He entered the [[US Naval Academy]] at Annapolis, Maryland, at age 14, serving after his graduation aboard Preble, and under Commodore Stewart on San Jacinto in Europe and the West Indies, and on Saratoga. He was aboard Arctic when it participated in the first survey for the original [[Atlantic cable]] in 1856. The following year, aged 21, he was appointed assistant professor of ethics at the US Naval Academy, and after a subsequent year in private business he was appointed master of Jamestown.

In 1858 he resigned his commission and attended [[Albany Law School]].  After passing the bar he practiced law until 1861. During the [[American Civil War]], he returned to the Union Navy, initially as navigator of Wabash, and later as commander of Dawn, Paul Jones, Lenape, and Bat. In 1863 he married Susan Bainbridge Hayes, granddaughter of Commodore [[William Bainbridge]] and great-grandniece of Admiral [[John Barry (naval officer)|John Barry]]. After the War, he served as commander of the Naval Academy's practice ships Marblehead and Savannah, as an instructor at the Academy, and wrote "Submarine Warfare": the first major work on the use of torpedoes.  He left the navy as [[Lieutenant commander (United States)|lieutenant commander]].

From 1869 to 1880 he was in private business, largely engaged in obtaining financing for what was to become the Great Northern Railway. He devoted time also to collecting memorabilia of the Navy during the [[American Revolution]] and [[War of 1812]]. He served as the first President of the [[Naval History Society]] and edited the first volume of its publications, "The Log Books of the Serapis, Alliance, and Ariel," before his death in 1911. His manuscript collections and library formed the basis of the Naval History Society's collections,<ref>Naval History Society, and John S. Barnes. ''Catalogue of the Books, Manuscripts and Prints and Other Memorabilia in the John S. Barnes Memorial Library of the Naval History Society''. New York: 1915. {{OCLC|562166004}}</ref> and were donated to the Society in 1915, by his son Col. James Barnes. The Collections became part of the [[New-York Historical Society]] when the Naval History Society moved there in 1925.

==Death and burial==
Barnes died in New York City on November 22, 1911.<ref>{{cite news |date=November 23, 1911 |title=John Sanford Barnes Dead |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/11/23/105034286.pdf |newspaper=New York Times |location=New York, NY}}</ref>  He was buried at [[Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)|Woodlawn Cemetery]] in the Bronx.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*''[https://archive.org/stream/johnsanfordbarne00gamm#page/n7/mode/2up John Sanford Barnes: A memorial and a tribute]'', Privately printed 1912
*[http://sites.google.com/site/johnsanfordbarnes/"The Egotistigraphy", by John Sanford Barnes. An autobiography, privately printed 1910. Internet edition edited by Susan Bainbridge Hay 2012]
* {{Gutenberg author | id=Barnes,+John+S.}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=John Sanford Barnes |sopt=t}}

{{Wikipedia|John Sanford Barnes}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barnes, John sanford}}
[[Category:1836 births]]
[[Category:1911 deaths]]
[[Category:United States Naval Academy alumni]]
[[Category:United States Navy officers]]
[[Category:Union Navy officers]]
[[Category:Albany Law School alumni]]
[[Category:American naval historians]]
[[Category:American male writers]]
[[Category:New York (state) lawyers]]
[[Category:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx)]]