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 | It has been suggested that this article be merged with [[::World War II related internment and expulsion of Germans in the Americas|World War II related internment and expulsion of Germans in the Americas]]. (Discuss) Proposed since October 2013. |
| Date | 1917 – 1919 1939 – 1946 |
|---|---|
| Location | United States |
The internment of German Americans refers to the detention of German and German-American citizens in the United States during World War I and World War II. Unlike the See also
- Italian-American internment
- Japanese-American internment
- German prisoners of war in the United States
- World War II related internment and expulsion of Germans in the Americas
References[]
Sources[]
World War I[]
- Charles Burdick, The Frustrated Raider: The Story of the German Cruiser Cormoran in World War I (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1979)
- Gerald H. Davis, "'Oglesdorf': A World War I Internment Camp in America," Yearbook of German-American Studies, v. 26 (1991), 249-65
- William B. Glidden, "Internment Camps in America, 1917-1920," Military Affairs, v. 37 (1979), 137-41
- Paul Halpern, A Naval History of World War I (1994)
- Arnold Krammer, Undue Process: The Untold Story of America's German Alien Internees (NY: Rowman & Littlefield, 1997), ISBN 0-8476-8518-7
- Reuben A. Lewis, "How the United States Takes Care of German Prisoners," in Munsey's Magazine, v. 64 (June–September, 1918), 137ff., Google books, accessed April 2, 2011
- Jörg Nagler, "Victims of the Home Front: Enemy Aliens in the United States during World War I," in Panakos Panayi, ed., Minorities in Wartime: National and Racial Groupings in Europe, North America and Australia during the Two World Wars (1993)
- Erich Posselt, "Prisoner of War No. 3598 [Fort Oglethorpe]," in American Mercury, May–August 1927, 313-23, Google books, accessed April 2, 2011
- Paul Schmalenbach, German Raiders: A History of Auxiliary Cruisers of the German Navy, 1895-1945 (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1979)
World War II[]
- John Christgau, "Enemies": World War II Alien Internment (Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 1985), ISBN 0-595-17915-0
- Kimberly E. Contag and James A. Grabowska, Where the Clouds Meet the Water (Inkwater Press, 2004), ISBN 1-59299-073-8. Journey of the German Ecuadorian widower, Ernst Contag, and his four children from their home in the South American Andes to Nazi Germany in 1942.
- John Joel Culley, "A Troublesome Presence: World War II Internment of German Sailors in New Mexico" in Prologue: Quarterly of the National Archives and Records Administration v. 28 (1996), 279–295
- Heidi Gurcke Donald, We Were Not the Enemy: Remembering the United States Latin-American Civilian Internment Program of World War II (iUniverse, 2007), ISBN 0-595-39333-0
- Stephen Fox, Fear Itself: Inside the FBI Roundup of German Americans during World War II: The Past as Prologue (iUniverse, 2005), ISBN 978-0-595-35168-8
- Timothy J. Holian, The German Americans and WW II: An Ethnic Experience (NY: Peter Lang Publishing, 1996), ISBN 0-8204-4040-X
- Arthur D. Jacobs, The Prison Called Hohenasperg: An American Boy Betrayed by his Government during World War II (Parkland, FL: Universal Publishers, 1999), ISBN 1-58112-832-0
- National Archives: "Brief Overview of the World War II Enemy Alien Control Program", accessed January 19, 2010
- New York Times: Jerre Mangione, "America's Other Internment," May 19, 1978, accessed January 20, 2010. Mangione was special assistant to the United States Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization from 1942 to 1948.
- PubMedCentral: Louis Fiset, "Medical Care for Interned Enemy Aliens: A Role for the US Public Health Service in World War II" in American Journal of Public Health, October, 2003, v.93(10), 1644–54, accessed January 19, 2010
- John Eric Schmitz, "Enemies Among Us: The Relocation, Internment, and Repatriation of German, Italian, and Japanese Americans during World War Two" Ph.D. Dissertation, American University 2007 (now a book, 2021, University of Nebraska Press, ISBN: 1496224140)
- U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on the Judiciary: "Hearing on: the Treatment of Latin Americans of Japanese Descent, European Americans, and Jewish Refugees During World War II," March 19, 2009, accessed January 19, 2010
General[]
- Don H. Tolzmann, ed., German-Americans in the World Wars, 5 vols. (New Providence, NJ: K.G. Saur, 1995–1998), ISBN 3-598-21530-4
- vol. 1: The Anti-German Hysteria of World War One
- vol. 2: The World War One Experience
- vol. 3: Research on the German-American Experience of World War One
- vol. 4: The World War Two Experience: the Internment of German-Americans
- section 1: From Suspicion to Internment: U.S. government policy toward German-Americans, 1939–48
- section 2: Government Preparation for and implementation of the repatriation of German-Americans, 1943–1948
- section 3: German-American Camp Newspapers: Internees View of Life in Internment
- vol. 5: Germanophobia in the U.S.: The Anti-German Hysteria and Sentiment of the World Wars. Supplement and Index.
References[]
External links[]
- WORLD WAR II INTERNMENT CAMPS from the Handbook of Texas Online
- German American Internee Coalition - site includes detailed history, maps, oral accounts, and external links
- German American Internees in the United States during WWII, by Karen E. Ebel
- FBI "Vault" - declassified FBI materials on "Custodial Detention"
The original article can be found at Internment of German Americans and the edit history here.