Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948

Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948
	Part of the Indo-Pakistani wars, Kashmir conflict, and the Partition of India
Date	October 1947 – 1 January 1949 ; (1 year and 10 weeks)
Location	Jammu and Kashmir
Result	Inconclusive
Territorial; changes	One-third of Jammu and Kashmir controlled by Pakistan. Indian control over remainder.
Belligerents
India Indian Army; Indian Air Force; Jammu and Kashmir State Forces;	Pakistan Pakistan Army; Pakistan Air Force (Supply support only); Pakistani paramilitaries Gilgit Scouts; Kurram Militia; Frontier Scouts; Pashtun tribal militias; ; Azad Kashmir irregular forces; Indian National Army veterans; Muslim League National Guard; Swat Army; Furqan Force;
Commanders and leaders
Lord Mountbatten; Jawaharlal Nehru; Rob Lockhart; Roy Bucher; K. M. Cariappa; Hari Singh; Mehr Chand Mahajan; Sheikh Abdullah	Muhammad Ali Jinnah; Liaquat Ali Khan; Frank Messervy; Douglas Gracey; Col. Akbar Khan; Khurshid Anwar; Zaman Kiani; William Brown
Casualties and losses
Indian Claims: 1,103 - 1500 army deaths; ; 1,000 Indian soldiers missing; ; 1,990 J&K forces killed; 32 RIAF members; 3,154 – 3,500 Indian army wounded ; Unknown numbers of JK forces wounded;	1,000 Pakistani and Kashmiri forces deaths ; ; 5,000 Trible men and civilians deaths ; ; ; Indian Claims: ~ 6,000 killed; ~14,000 wounded; ; Pakistani Claims: 2633 Killed (Including regulars and irregulars); 4668 wounded;
	Conflict began when Pashtun tribesmen and Tanoli from Pakistan invaded the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, prompting the armies of India and Pakistan to get involved shortly afterwards.

The India-Pakistan War of 1947-48 is also known as the First Kashmir War. It was fought between the Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan over the former Princely state of Kashmir and Jammu from 1947 to 1948. The result of thewar still affects the geopolitics of both the countries.

Losses[]

Indian claims 1,500 Indian soldiers killed, 3,500 Indian soldiers wounded and 1,000 captured or missing as well as ~2,000 J&K troops killed and unknown wounded. Pakistan claims that 2633 troops and tribesmen Killed and 4668 troops and tribesmen wounded.

References[]

↑ Kumar, Bharat (2014). An incredible war: Indian Air Force in Kashmir War 1947–1948 (2nd ed.). New Delhi: KW Publishers in association with Centre for Air Power Studies. ISBN 978-93-81904-52-7. https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/10682697.
↑ Massey 2005, p. 97
↑ Barua 2005, p. 192
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Bangash, Three Forgotten Accessions 2010
↑ Khanna, K. K. (2015). Art of Generalship. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 158. ISBN 978-93-82652-93-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=uAmqCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA158.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Jamal, Shadow War 2009, p. 57.
↑ American Interests in South Asia: Building a Grand Strategy in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. Aspen Institute. 2011. pp. 155–. ISBN 978-1-61792-400-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=ENyfHXi9wz0C&pg=PT155.
↑ Lamb, A. (2002). Incomplete Partition: The Genesis of the Kashmir Dispute, 1947-1948. Oxford University Press. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-19-579770-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=Vi9WAAAAYAAJ.
↑ Jamal, Shadow War 2009, p. 49.
↑ Valentine, Simon Ross (2008). Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice. Hurst Publishers. p. 204. ISBN 978-1-85065-916-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=MdRth02Q6nAC&q=furqan+force&pg=PA204.
↑ "Furqan Force". Persecution.org. https://www.thepersecution.org/50years/kashmir.html#2a.
↑ Ciment, J.; Hill, K. (2012). Encyclopedia of Conflicts since World War II. Taylor & Francis. p. 721. ISBN 978-1-136-59614-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=uox4CAAAQBAJ. "Indian forces won control of most of Kashmir"
↑ "BBC on the 1947–48 war". http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/south_asia/2002/india_pakistan/timeline/1947_48.stm.
↑ ^14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 ^14.3 ^14.4 Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014
↑ Nawaz, The First Kashmir War Revisited 2008
↑ ^16.0 ^16.1 Nawaz, The First Kashmir War Revisited 2008, p. 120.
↑ ^17.0 ^17.1 ^17.2 ^17.3 Phillips, Charles; Axelrod, Alan (2005) (in en). Encyclopedia of Wars. Facts On File. p. 608. ISBN 978-0-8160-2851-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=E-SUAQAACAAJ.
↑ ^18.0 ^18.1 ^18.2 ^18.3 Clodfelter, Micheal (2008-07-02) (in en). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1494-2007, 3d ed.. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p. 638. ISBN 978-0-7864-3319-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=OYCwJgAACAAJ.
↑ ^19.0 ^19.1 ^19.2 Prasad, Sri Nandan; Pal, Dharm (1987). Operations in Jammu & Kashmir, 1947–48. History Division, Ministry of Defence, Government of India. p. 379. https://ia801505.us.archive.org/34/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.116302/2015.116302.Operations-In-Jammu-Amp-Kashmir-1947-48.pdf.
↑ ^20.0 ^20.1 Malik, V. P. (2010). Kargil from Surprise to Victory (paperback ed.). HarperCollins Publishers India. p. 343. ISBN 9789350293133.
↑ "An incredible war: Indian Air Force in Kashmir war, 1947–48", by Bharat Kumar, Centre for Air Power Studies (New Delhi, India)
↑ Roy, Kaushik (2009). The Oxford Companion to Modern Warfare in India: From the Eighteenth Century to Present Times. Oxford University Press. p. 215. ISBN 978-0-19-569888-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=ioUpAQAAIAAJ. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
↑ Maj (Retd) AGHA HUMAYUN AMIN (in English). THE 1947-48 Kashmir War The war of lost opportunities. pp. 70. http://archive.org/details/The1947-48KashmirWarTheWarOfLostOpportunities.
↑ ^24.0 ^24.1 ^24.2 Singh, Maj Gen Jagjit (2000). With Honour & Glory: Wars fought by India 1947–1999. Lancer Publishers. pp. 18–. ISBN 978-81-7062-109-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=bljFNwAACAAJ.
↑ Sabir Sha (10 October 2014). "Indian military hysteria since 1947". https://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-33393-Indian-military-hysteria-since-1947.
↑ Krishna, Ashok (1998). India's Armed Forces: Fifty Years of War and Peace. Lancer Publishers. pp. 160–. ISBN 978-1-897829-47-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=wGIkXCsgT2UC&pg=PA160.
↑ By B. Chakravorty, "Stories of Heroism, Volume 1", p. 5
↑ Template:Web kaynağı

External links[]

Partition and Indo Pak War of 1947-48, Indian Army, archived 5 April 2011.

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All or a portion of this article consists of text from Wikipedia, and is therefore Creative Commons Licensed under GFDL.
The original article can be found at Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 and the edit history here.

[iaf1-1] Kumar, Bharat (2014). An incredible war: Indian Air Force in Kashmir War 1947–1948 (2nd ed.). New Delhi: KW Publishers in association with Centre for Air Power Studies. ISBN 978-93-81904-52-7. https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/10682697.

[2] Massey 2005, p. 97

[3] Barua 2005, p. 192

[Bangash-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Bangash, Three Forgotten Accessions 2010

[Khanna-5] Khanna, K. K. (2015). Art of Generalship. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 158. ISBN 978-93-82652-93-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=uAmqCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA158.

[FOOTNOTEJamal,_Shadow_War200957-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Jamal, Shadow War 2009, p. 57.

[(Editor)-7] American Interests in South Asia: Building a Grand Strategy in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. Aspen Institute. 2011. pp. 155–. ISBN 978-1-61792-400-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=ENyfHXi9wz0C&pg=PT155.

[8] Lamb, A. (2002). Incomplete Partition: The Genesis of the Kashmir Dispute, 1947-1948. Oxford University Press. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-19-579770-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=Vi9WAAAAYAAJ.

[FOOTNOTEJamal,_Shadow_War200949-9] Jamal, Shadow War 2009, p. 49.

[Simon_Ross_Valentine-10] Valentine, Simon Ross (2008). Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice. Hurst Publishers. p. 204. ISBN 978-1-85065-916-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=MdRth02Q6nAC&q=furqan+force&pg=PA204.

[Furqan_Force-11] "Furqan Force". Persecution.org. https://www.thepersecution.org/50years/kashmir.html#2a.

[12] Ciment, J.; Hill, K. (2012). Encyclopedia of Conflicts since World War II. Taylor & Francis. p. 721. ISBN 978-1-136-59614-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=uox4CAAAQBAJ. "Indian forces won control of most of Kashmir"

[13] "BBC on the 1947–48 war". http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/south_asia/2002/india_pakistan/timeline/1947_48.stm.

[Dasgupta-14] 14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 ^14.3 ^14.4 Dasgupta, War and Diplomacy in Kashmir 2014

[Nawaz-15] Nawaz, The First Kashmir War Revisited 2008

[FOOTNOTENawaz,_The_First_Kashmir_War_Revisited2008120-16] 16.0 ^16.1 Nawaz, The First Kashmir War Revisited 2008, p. 120.

[:1-17] 17.0 ^17.1 ^17.2 ^17.3 Phillips, Charles; Axelrod, Alan (2005) (in en). Encyclopedia of Wars. Facts On File. p. 608. ISBN 978-0-8160-2851-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=E-SUAQAACAAJ.

[:0-18] 18.0 ^18.1 ^18.2 ^18.3 Clodfelter, Micheal (2008-07-02) (in en). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1494-2007, 3d ed.. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p. 638. ISBN 978-0-7864-3319-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=OYCwJgAACAAJ.

[Prasad-19] 19.0 ^19.1 ^19.2 Prasad, Sri Nandan; Pal, Dharm (1987). Operations in Jammu & Kashmir, 1947–48. History Division, Ministry of Defence, Government of India. p. 379. https://ia801505.us.archive.org/34/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.116302/2015.116302.Operations-In-Jammu-Amp-Kashmir-1947-48.pdf.

[Kargil_from_Surprise_to_Victory-20] 20.0 ^20.1 Malik, V. P. (2010). Kargil from Surprise to Victory (paperback ed.). HarperCollins Publishers India. p. 343. ISBN 9789350293133.

[21] "An incredible war: Indian Air Force in Kashmir war, 1947–48", by Bharat Kumar, Centre for Air Power Studies (New Delhi, India)

[Roy-22] Roy, Kaushik (2009). The Oxford Companion to Modern Warfare in India: From the Eighteenth Century to Present Times. Oxford University Press. p. 215. ISBN 978-0-19-569888-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=ioUpAQAAIAAJ. Retrieved 2022-05-18.

[23] Maj (Retd) AGHA HUMAYUN AMIN (in English). THE 1947-48 Kashmir War The war of lost opportunities. pp. 70. http://archive.org/details/The1947-48KashmirWarTheWarOfLostOpportunities.

[Honor_and_Glory-24] 24.0 ^24.1 ^24.2 Singh, Maj Gen Jagjit (2000). With Honour & Glory: Wars fought by India 1947–1999. Lancer Publishers. pp. 18–. ISBN 978-81-7062-109-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=bljFNwAACAAJ.

[25] Sabir Sha (10 October 2014). "Indian military hysteria since 1947". https://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-33393-Indian-military-hysteria-since-1947.

[Krishna1998-26] Krishna, Ashok (1998). India's Armed Forces: Fifty Years of War and Peace. Lancer Publishers. pp. 160–. ISBN 978-1-897829-47-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=wGIkXCsgT2UC&pg=PA160.

[27] By B. Chakravorty, "Stories of Heroism, Volume 1", p. 5

[28] Template:Web kaynağı

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