HMS Little Belt (1807)

For other ships of the same name, see HMS Little Belt.

HMS Little Belt (1807)
HMS Little Belt, at right, and the USS President fire upon each other
Career (Denmark)
Name:	Lillebælt
Namesake:	The Little Belt strait off Jutland
Builder:	Fugelsang at the Royal Shipyard, Copenhagen
Launched:	31 August 1801
In service:	February 1802
Captured:	Captured by British at the Battle of Copenhagen on 7 September 1807
Career (UK)
Name:	HMS Little Belt
Acquired:	Captured at the Battle of Copenhagen on 7 September 1807
Commissioned:	April 1808
Fate:	Sold in 1811
General characteristics
Class & type:	20-gun post ship
Tons burthen:	460 5⁄94 (bm)
Length:	116 ft 4 in (35.46 m) (overall); 94 ft 0 in (28.65 m) (keel)
Beam:	30 ft 4 in (9.25 m)
Depth of hold:	12 ft 5 1⁄2 in (3.797 m)
Propulsion:	Sails
Complement:	121
Armament:	Danish service: 20 x 30-pounder carronades + 2 x 8-pounder guns British service: 18 x 32-pounder carronades + 2 x 9-pounder guns

Lillebælt was a Danish 22-gun warship launched in 1801. The Danes surrendered her to the Royal Navy in 1807 and she became the 20-gun post ship HMS Little Belt. The American USS President fired on her during peacetime, believing her to be HMS Guerriere, which had recently abducted a sailor from USS Spitfire, giving rise to the eponymous "Little Belt Affair". Her captain at the time, Arthur Batt Bingham, maintained that the Americans fired first and that he had not surrendered. She was broken up in 1811.

Career

She was built in 1801 to a design by P.C. Hohlenberg as the 460-ton Danish 22-gun let fregat (light frigate or corvette) Lillebælt. She was among the vessels that the British seized after the Battle of Copenhagen on 7 September 1807. She then sailed in convoy with the Cruizer-class brig-sloop Calypso to Britain, arriving on 24 October at Woolwich. She was fitted there until 14 May 1809.

She was commissioned under the anglicised version of her name, placed under the command of John Crispo, and by 1808 was off the African coast. Later, she returned to Britain. On 23 June 1809 she sailed for North America.

On 27 September 1810 Wolverine had been in pursuit of a French brig when Rhin joined the chase and after two and a half hours captured the quarry off the Lizard. The French vessel was the privateer San Joseph, of Saint Malo, under the command of a Joseph Wittevronghel, a Dane. San Joseph was one year old, about 100 tons burthen (bm), and armed with 14 guns though she was pierced for 16. She had only been out one day when the British captured her and had taken nothing. Little Belt had been in company with Wolverine during the chase.

Crispo was promoted to post-captain on 21 October 1810; Bingham succeeded him as commander of the Little Belt in November 1810. Bingham then sailed her to Halifax, to operate off the North American coast.

On 25 March 1811, Little Belt captured the Spanish vessel Empressa. At the time she was apparently under the command of Thomas Prickett. Colibri was either accompanying Little Belt or in sight of the capture and so shared in the prize money.

Little Belt Affair

Main article: Little Belt Affair

By early 1811, Little Belt was in the Caribbean, where on 19 April Rear-Admiral Herbert Sawyer, based at Bermuda, instructed Bingham to meet Captain Pechell in Guerriere, who was cruising somewhere along the Atlantic seaboard between Charlestown and New York. If he was unable to make contact with Pechell, Bingham was to cruise along the coast, protecting British ships and intercepting enemy vessels and eventually return to Halifax. Sawyer warned Bingham to be careful to avoid a clash with the Americans and to stay out of American ports except in the case of dire necessity. In the event, Bingham did not locate the Guerriere, and continued to cruise along the coast.Marshall (1829), Supplement, Part 3, pp.50-54.

On the morning of 10 May, as the Little Belt was some 48 miles east of Cape Charles at the entrance to Chesapeake Bay, she sighted a strange sail in the distance. Bingham made signal #277, which requested the strange ship, if a British warship, to show her number. The other ship did not reply and Bingham concluded that the mystery ship was a frigate of the United States Navy. He hoisted his colours and began to round Cape Hatteras. The frigate followed, catching up to the Little Belt, and appeared to be trying to manoeuvre into a position to rake the sloop. Bingham veered three times to foil the American's attempts, while calling for the frigate to identify herself. Each time though the American demanded the same of Bingham. The frigate, actually the 44-gun USS President under Commodore John Rodgers, Bingham claimed, then opened fire on the Little Belt. Bingham returned fire and an engagement began, lasting three-quarters of an hour. The British observed that President had a fire onboard as she drew away.

President then returned, and asked if Bingham had struck. Bingham replied that he had not, and President again withdrew. Rodgers sent a messenger out to the damaged Little Belt the following morning, lamenting the "unfortunate affair", and insisting that he would not have fired had Little Belt not fired first. Bingham denied this, and turned down Rodger's offer of putting into an American port for repairs. Little Belt had nine killed outright, and had 23 wounded, including two mortally, who died the day after the battle. She was also badly damaged, with numerous shots between wind and water and with her masts and rigging damaged.

Bingham made for Halifax, hampered by a gale on the second day of the voyage which caused leaks. On 23 May Goree met up with Little Belt and the two then proceeded on to Halifax, which they reached on 28 May.James (1837), Vol. 6, pp.7-11. Rodgers claimed that he had mistaken the British ship for a larger frigate and was adamant that Bingham had fired first. The Admiralty expressed their confidence in Bingham; it promoted him to post-captain on 7 February 1812.James (1837), Vol. 6, p.14.

On 4 August 1811, Little Belt captured the American ship Traveller."No. 16705". 20 February 1813. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/16705/page/ 

Fate

Little Belt was paid off later that year. She was sold at Deptford in November.

See also

• List of ships captured in the 19th century

Footnotes

Notes

Citations

References

• Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8. OCLC 67375475. 
• Gossett, William Patrick (1986) The Lost Ships of the Royal Navy, 1793-1900. (London: Mansell). ISBN 0-7201-1816-6
• Howard Jones (2002). Crucible of Power: A History of American Foreign Relations to 1913. ISBN 0-8420-2916-8. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TFyLOUrdGFwC. Retrieved 2008-07-03. 
• Marshall, John ( 1823-1835) Royal naval biography, or, Memoirs of the services of all the flag-officers, superannuated rear-admirals, retired-captains, post-captains, and commanders, whose names appeared on the Admiralty list of sea officers at the commencement of the present year 1823, or who have since been promoted ... (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown).
• Paine, Lincoln P., Hal Fessenden, James H. Terry (1997). Ships of the World: An Historical Encyclopedia. Houghton Mifflin Co. ISBN 0-395-71556-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=JidUAAAAMAAJ. 
• Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 1-86176-246-1. 

External links

• "HMS Little Belt at Age of Nelson website". http://www.ageofnelson.org/MichaelPhillips/info.php?ref=1345. Retrieved 2009-10-18. 
• (Danish) Danish Naval Museum Ship Register - Record card for Lille Bælt

This article includes data released under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported UK: England & Wales License, by the National Maritime Museum, as part of the Warship Histories project