HMS Hawkins (D86)

HMS Hawkins (D86)
Career
Class and type:	Hawkins-class heavy cruiser
Name:	HMS Hawkins
Namesake:	Admiral Sir John Hawkins
Builder:	Chatham Dockyard
Laid down:	3 June 1916
Launched:	1 October 1917
Commissioned:	25 July 1919
Fate:	Sold for scrap 21 August 1947 and broken up in December that year by Arnott Young, Dalmuir.
General characteristics
Displacement:	9,750 tons (standard) 12,190 tons (full load)
Length:	565 ft (172 m) (p/p) 605 ft (184 m) (o/a)
Beam:	58 ft (18 m) (65 ft (20 m) across bulges)
Draught:	17.25 ft (5.26 m) (20.5 ft (6.2 m) full load)
Propulsion:	Eight Yarrow-type oil-fired water-tube boilers Two coal-fired boilers (until 1929 - then ten oil-fired boilers) Parsons geared steam turbines, Four shafts, 60,000 shp
Speed:	30 knots (55.6 km/h)
Range:	5,400 nmi (10,000 km) at 14 knots (26 km/h)
Capacity:	2,186 tons oil fuel
Complement:	690 (standard), 800+ (wartime)
Armament:	Design; 7 x BL 7.5 inch Mark VI in single mounts CP Mk.V 8 x QF 12 pdr 12 cwt Mk.II on single mounts P Mk.I 4 x QF 12 pdr 20 cwt Mk.I on single mounts HA Mk.II 2 x submerged & 4 x fixed above water 21 inch torpedo tubes As completed, 7 x BL 7.5 inch Mark VI in single mounts CP Mk.V 4 x QF 12 pdr 20 cwt Mk.I on single mounts HA Mk.II 4 x QF 12 pdr 20 cwt Mk.I on single mounts HA Mk.II 2 x QF 2 pdr Mk.II on single mounts HA Mk.I 2 x submerged & 4 x fixed above water 21 inch torpedo tubes
Armour:	Main belt; 1½–2½ in forward 3 in amidships 2¼–1½ in aft Upper belt; 1½ in forward 2 in amidships Upper deck; 1-1½in in over boilers Main deck; 1-1½in in over engines 1 in over steering gear Gunshields; 2 in face 1 in crown & sides

HMS Hawkins was a Hawkins-class heavy cruiser of the Royal Navy. She was built at Chatham Dockyard and launched on 1 October 1917. With the conversion of her sister, HMS Cavendish, to become the aircraft carrier HMS Vindictive, HMS Hawkins became the name ship of her class.

Interwar career

HMS Hawkins was commissioned on 25 July 1919 and became the flagship of the 5th Light Cruiser Squadron on the China Station. She spent less than a decade in active service before being paid off at Chatham to undergo a refit. During this refit, her coal-fired boilers were removed and the remaining oil-fired boilers modified. She recommissioned in December 1929, and became the flagship of the 2nd Cruiser Squadron as part of the Atlantic Fleet.

Hawkins was decommissioned again in May 1930 and reduced to the Reserve Fleet. She was recommissioned again in 1932 to become the Flagship of the 4th Cruiser Squadron in the East Indies, before again being reduced to the reserve in April 1935. The terms of the London Naval Treaty meant that in 1937, Hawkins was demilitarised and had all her 7.5 inch guns and the deck mounted torpedo tubes removed before she was again returned to reserve status. In September 1938 plans were drawn up to utilise Hawkins as a Cadets' Training Ship.

Wartime service

HMS Hawkins alongside the quay, probably Interwar period

When the Second World War broke out in 1939, Hawkins was rearmed and recommissioned to become the flagship to Rear Admiral Henry Harwood, after the Battle of the River Plate. She patrolled off the South American coast, operating as far south as the Falklands. She left Montevideo on 5 September 1940 to sail to Simonstown, South Africa for a refit. Before she could make use of the dry dock, it was occupied by the aircraft carrier HMS Hermes, which was undergoing repairs after having been damaged in a collision with a merchant ship. Hawkins was diverted to Durban where she spent seven weeks waiting before she was able to dock in the Selborne dry dock at Simonstown. Hawkins also rescued nine of the crew from the tanker SS British Premier, which had been torpedoed off Freetown by U-65.

During February 1941 Hawkins was active off the East coast of Africa, supporting the British reconquest of British Somaliland and subsequent pushes into Italian Somalia from Kenya as part of Force T of the East Indies Fleet. She also captured a number of Italian and German merchant ships attempting to escape the fall of the former Italian territory, including the SS Savoia. She later provided escorts for convoys and intercepted Vichy French and neutral shipping. Whilst off Mauritius her starboard outboard shaft fractured and she lost her screw and shafting. She spent the period between 10 October to the 28 October in the Selborne dry dock, before departing on 2 November to refit and repair in the U.K.

The repairs were completed by May 1942 and Hawkins left to join the Eastern Fleet, and again escorted ships around the African coast, with periods in drydock for repairs and refits. One of the ships she escorted was the SS Khedive Ismail, later torpedoed by a Japanese submarine with heavy loss of life. In June 1944 she returned to British waters, where she was involved in Operation Neptune, as part of the Western Task Force Gunfire Support Bombardment Force A, for Utah Beach. Before this, she had been involved in Exercise Tiger, a disastrous attempt to rehearse the landings. In August she was again designated as a Training Ship.

Decommissioning and scrapping

In 1945 Hawkins was reduced to reserve for the last time. In January 1947 she was allocated for ship target trials, and was bombed by Royal Air Force Avro Lincoln bombers off Spithead. She was sold for scrap on 21 August 1947 and broken up in December that year at the yards of Arnott Young at Dalmuir.

Sources

• British and Empire Warships of the Second World War, H T Lenton, Greenhill Books, ISBN 1-85367-277-7
• Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1922-1946, Ed. Robert Gardiner, Naval Institute Press, ISBN 0-87021-913-8
• Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8. OCLC 67375475. 
• Whitley, M. J., Cruisers of World War Two, Brockhampton Press, Great Britain: 1995. ISBN 1-86019-874-0
• Jane's Fighting Ships of World War One (1919), Jane's Publishing Company
• HMS Hawkins at U-boat.net