HMS Grasshoper (1806)

For other ships of the same name, see HMS Grasshopper.

HMS Grasshopper (1806)
Career (UK)
Name:	HMS Grasshopper
Ordered:	30 August and 31 October 1805
Builder:	Richards (Brothers) & (John) Davidson, Hythe
Laid down:	April 1806
Launched:	29 September 1806
Honours and awards:	Naval General Service Medal with clasps: "Off Rota 4 April 1808" "Grasshopper 24 April 1808"
Captured:	25 December 1811
Career (Batavian republic & Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Renamed:	Irene and then HNLMS Irene (Dutch language: Zr.Ms. Irene )
Fate:	Broken up 1822
General characteristics
Class & type:	18-gun Cruizer-class brig-sloop
Tons burthen:	383 12⁄94 (bm)
Length:	100 ft 0 in (30.5 m) (overall) 77 ft 2 5⁄8 in (23.5 m) (keel)
Beam:	30 ft 6 1⁄2 in (9.3 m)
Draught:	6 ft 6 in (2.0 m) (unladen) 10 ft 6 in (3.2 m) (laden)
Depth of hold:	13 ft 12 in (4.3 m)
Sail plan:	Brig
Armament:	16 × 32-pounder carronades 2 × 6-pounder guns

HMS Grasshopper was a Cruizer-class brig-sloop of the Royal Navy. She was launched in 1806, captured several vessels, and took part in two notable actions before the Dutch captured her in 1811. She then served The Netherlands navy until she was broken up in 1822.

British naval service

Commander Thomas Searle commissioned Grasshopper in November 1806. He then sailed her for the Mediterranean on 1 February 1807.

Early in the morning of 7 November, boats from Renommee and Grasshopper cut out a Spanish brig and a French tartan, each armed with six guns, from under the Torre de Estacio. The prize crews were not able to prevent winds and tides from causing the two vessels to ground. The boats and the two vessels were under a constant fire from the tower that wounded several prisoners. After about three hours the British abandoned their prizes as they could not free them and were unwilling to set fire to them as the captured vessels had prisoners and women and children aboard, many of whom were wounded. The British had two men badly wounded in the action; although the enemy suffered many wounded, they apparently had no deaths. That same day Grasshopper captured the American schooner Henrietta, Joseph Dawson, master. Then in December Grasshopper and Renommee were detached to sail off Carthagena to monitor the Spanish squadron there. Grasshopper was on lookout on 11 December and sailed ahead, leaving Renommee behind. While off Cape Palos, Searle observed several enemy vessels at anchor. His Catholic Majesty's brig St Joseph, of twelve 24-pounders guns, with a crew of 99 men under the command of Teniento de naviro Don Antonio de Torrea, got under weigh, and sailed towards Grasshoper. Two more naval vessels, St Medusa Mestrio (ten 24-pounders and 77 men), and St Aigle Mestrio (eight 24-pounders and 50 men) followed St Joseph. Grasshopper brought St Joseph to action. Within 15 minutes St Joseph had struck and run onshore, at which many men of her crew abandoned her and swam for shore. At this point the two other vessels sailed away. The British were able to recover St Joseph, which Searle described as being of 145 tons burthen (bm), six years old, copper-fastened, well-found, pierced for 16 guns, a "remarkably fast sailer", and suitable for service in the Royal Navy. In the engagement Grasshopper had two men wounded. Searle had no estimate of enemy casualties, but believed that many men had drowned when they jumped overboard to avoid capture. The head and prize money was remitted from Gibraltar and Renommee's share was paid out to her officers and crew in December 1813.

On Christmas Day, Grasshopper captured the Industry. Grasshoper captured the Neutrality on 4 February 1808. She shared the proceeds of the capture with Hydra. The next day she captured the Eliza.

Main article: Action of 4 April 1808

The action that took place on 4 April off the coast off Rota near Cadiz, Spain, began when the Royal Naval frigates Mercury and Alceste, and Grasshopper, intercepted a large Spanish convoy, protected by twenty gunboats and a train of shore batteries. The British destroyed two of the escorts and drove many of the merchants ashore. They also silenced the shore batteries. Marines and sailors of the British ships subsequently captured and sailed seven back out to sea. Grasshopper was badly damaged and had one man mortally wounded and three others slightly wounded. The prizes were loaded with timber for the arsenal at Cadiz. In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Off Rota 4 April 1808" to all surviving claimants from the action.

On April 23 Grasshopper and the gun-brig Rapid encountered two Spanish vessels from South America, sailing under the protection of four gunboats. After a short chase, the convoy anchored under the guns of a shore battery near Faro, Portugal. Searle anchored Grasshopper within grapeshot (i.e., short) range of the Spanish vessels and commenced firing. After two and a half hours, the gun crews of the shore battery had abandoned their guns, and the British had driven two gunboats ashore and destroyed them. The British also captured two gunboats and the two merchant vessels. Grasshopper had one man killed and three severely wounded. Searle himself was lightly wounded. Rapid had three men severely wounded. Spanish casualties were heavy, numbering some 40 dead and wounded on the two captured gunboats alone. Searle put 14 of the wounded on shore to Faro as he did not have the resources to deal with them as well as his own casualties. Searle estimated the value of the cargo on each of the two merchant vessels at £30,000. This action also resulted in the Admiralty awarding clasps to the Naval General Service Medal marked "Grasshopper 24 April 1808" and "Rapid 24 April 1808".

Lieutenant Henry Fanshawe received promotion to Commander and the appointment to command of Grasshopper on 2 May 1808; in June 1808 he took command. She remained in the Mediterranean in 1808 and 1809.

Grasshopper escorted a convoy to Quebec, sailing on 21 June 1810. She served in the North Sea in 1811.

Capture

Grasshopper, together with the 74-gun Hero, the ship-sloop Egeria, and the hired armed ship Prince William left Goteborg on 18 December 1811 as escorts to a convoy of 15 transports and a fleet of merchantmen, some 120 sail or more. Four or five days later Egeria and Prince William separated, together with the vessels going to the Humber and Scotland, including most of the merchant vessels. The transports and a handful of the merchantmen proceeded with Hero and Grasshopper. On 24 December Hero wrecked off Texel in a storm with the loss of all but 12 men of her 600 man crew. Grasshopper became trapped about a mile away where the Batavian Republic captured her. Grasshopper had no loss of life among her crew, though the pilot was killed.

Grasshopper observed Hero ground, but too late to avoid also grounding. Grasshopper was able to get over the sandbank into deeper water, where she anchored, though striking ground repeatedly. She was unable to go to the assistance of Hero and within 15 minutes the distress signals from Hero ceased. Next morning Grasshopper observed Hero completely wrecked. Neither she nor the Dutch schuyts could get to Hero. On 25 December Fanshawe saw no option but to surrender. He sailed Grasshopper to the Helder and there struck to fleet of the Batavian Republic under the command of Vice-Admiral De Winter.

Dutch naval service

Grasshopper became part of the Nieuwediep Squadron. In January 1813 she was renamed Irene, with the 6-gun brig that had been named Irene taking another name. The British blockade prevented the Batavian Republic from putting Grasshopper to extensive use immediately and she essentially sat until the end of the Napoleonic wars, though as a result of one pursuit she received the reputation of being the best sailer in the squadron.

After the Netherlands regained its independence in 1814, Irene returned to active duty. She convoyed ships to Spain, the Mediterranean, and the Dutch colonies in the West Indies. In October 1819 Irene took part in the first expedition to Palembang, which the Dutch mounted against insurgents in Sumatra. She sailed up the Palembang River in company with the frigate Wilhelmina (44 guns), sloops Eendracht (20 guns) and Ajax (20 guns), and several smaller ships. However, the squadron had to withdraw after suffering heavy losses and then restricted its efforts to coastal blockade. A second expedition to Palembang in 1821 was more successful, though it did not involve Irene.

Fate

In 1821, Irene returned to the Netherlands. The next year she was broken up in Vlissingen (Flushing).

See also

• Loss of HMS Hero and Grasshopper: History of Portsmouth [1]

Footnotes

Notes

Citations

References

• Gossett, William Patrick (1986) The lost ships of the Royal Navy, 1793-1900. (London: Mansell). ISBN 0-7201-1816-6
• Grocott, Terence (1997) Shipwrecks of the revolutionary & Napoleonic eras (Chatham). ISBN 1-86176-030-2
• James, William (1837). The Naval History of Great Britain, from the Declaration of War by France in 1793, to the Accession of George IV.. R. Bentley. 
• Marshall, John (1823-1835) Royal naval biography, or, Memoirs of the services of all the flag-officers, superannuated rear-admirals, retired-captains, post-captains, and commanders, whose names appeared on the Admiralty list of sea officers at the commencement of the present year 1823, or who have since been promoted ... (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown).
• Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 1-86176-246-1.