HMS Badsworth (L03)

HMS Badsworth (L03)
HMS Badsworth in dazzle camouflage under tow on the Mersey.
Career (UK)
Name:	HMS Badsworth (L03)
Ordered:	20 December 1939
Builder:	Cammell Laird, Birkenhead
Laid down:	15 May 1940
Launched:	17 March 1941
Commissioned:	18 August 1941
Decommissioned:	16 November 1944
Career (Norway)
Name:	HNoMS Arendal
Commissioned:	8 August 1944
Decommissioned:	1 May 1961
General characteristics
Class & type:	Hunt class destroyer, Type II
Displacement:	1,050 tons standard; 1,490 tons full load
Length:	85.34 m
Beam:	9.62 m
Draught:	2.51 m (8 ft 3 in)
Propulsion:	2 shaft Parsons geared turbines; 19,000 shp
Speed:	25.5 knots (25½ kts full)
Range:	3,600 nmi (6,670 km) at 14 knots (26 km/h)
Complement:	164
Armament:	6 x QF 4 in Mark XVI on twin mounts Mk. XIX AAA - 2 x 4 12.7mm Vickers, 2 x 20mm 6 Thornycroft depth charge throwers,
Honours & awards:	Atlantic 1941-43 Malta Convoys 1942 Arctic 1942.

HMS Badsworth (pennant number L03) was an escort destroyer of the Hunt Type II class. The Royal Navy ordered Badsworth 's construction three months after the outbreak of the Second World War. Cammel Laird laid down her keel at their Birkenhead yard on 15 May 1940, as Admiralty Job No. J3260 (Yard No. 1055). After a successful Warship Week national savings campaign in March 1942, the Badsworth was adopted by the civil community of Batley, then in the West Riding of Yorkshire. The ship was named after a fox-hunt in Yorkshire.

Badsworth began her career on convoy duty in the North Western Approaches, however in June 1942, she took up the role of close escort in Convoy Harpoon, aiming to deliver vital supplies to the beleaguered island of Malta. The convoy met fierce attacks from the besieging Italian and German forces with only two out of the initial six merchant ships reaching Malta. Whilst entering the Grand Harbour Badsworth struck a mine, sustaining heavy damage. She was towed back for temporary repairs, afterwards leaving the island and heading towards Tyne for further repairs. In November 1942 Badsworth rejoined the Londonderry Escort Force by escorting a convoy headed to Murmansk. In March 1943 she returned to the Mediterranean for another Malta convoy, striking another mine on 22 April 1943. Towed to Liverpool for repairs, the Badsworth was then transferred to the exiled Royal Norwegian Navy under the name HNoMS Arendal.

Career

Early operations

On 18 August 1941 upon build completion, and final trials the Badsworth proceeded to Scapa Flow. Throughout September, the ship was readied for operational service, joining the Londonderry Escort Force. The Badsworth was deployed for close convoy defence in the north-west approaches. On 1 October the Badsworth joined convoy WS-12 in the Clyde with the destroyers Bradford, Brighton, Lancaster and Newark as local escorts during the convoy's passage in the north-western approaches, detaching from WS-12 and returning to the Clyde on 3 October. On 13 November the Badsworth joined military convoy WS-12Z in the Clyde, with Exmoor, Vanquisher, Witch and Whitehall again as local escort in the approaches, detaching from the convoy on 16 November. On 13 December the Badsworth joined military convoy WS14 in its passage from the Clyde to the north west approaches for ocean escort duties with the battleship HMS Ramillies and the destroyer Beaufort. The Badsworth detached from WS-14 on 21 December with the armed merchant cruiser Cilicia, HMS Beaufort and the local escort on arrival to Freetown.

Service in the Arctic

The passage from West Africa to resume convoy defence at Derry was completed in January 1942, with the Badsworth being deployed in continuation at Derry in February. On 23 March Badsworth joined military convoy WS-17 at the Clyde, with the destroyers Beverley, Keppel, Newport, Leamington and Volunteer as escorts during the convoy’s passage in the north western approaches. On 25 March Newport retired to the Clyde after colliding with Beverley. The local escort, Badsworth included, detached from the convoy on 27 March. During April, Badsworth was nominated for detached service in support of a planned combined services operation, named Operation Myrmidon. The destroyer escorted the infantry landing ships HMS Queen Emma and her sister-ship HMS Princess Beatrix with four other Hunt-class destroyers to attack shipping in Bayonne, by Number One and Number Six Commando Units. The raid was unsuccessful both because of weather conditions and due to the enemy’s state of alert. Released early from Myrmidon, the Badsworth returned to Derry, joining military convoy WS-18 on 18 April with the destroyers Georgetown, Lauderdale and Lancaster. The escorting ships detached from VB-18 with same ships and returned to Clyde. The Badsworth was then nominated for escort duties for the Russian convoy routes. On 28 April the destroyer took over ocean escort duties for the convoy PQ-15, with the cruiser Nigeria, the AA-auxiliary Ship HMS Ulster Queen, and the destroyers Boadicea, Matchless, Somali, Venomous and the St Albans. On 2 May the Badsworth found herself under sustained attacks by aircraft and submarines. SS Botavon was hit, and settled down by her bows. The merchantman sank slowly, and Badsworth was ordered to sink her by gunfire. During one of these sorties, Badsworth dropped depth charges, seeing a periscope shortly afterwards she counter attacked, dropping two Patterns. The destroyer reported that the submarine blew its tanks, but nothing appeared. Badsworth was unable to further the attack as the destroyer's asdic broke down. The day after, the Badsworth assisted in the rescue of survivors from the British merchantmen SS Cape Corso and SS Jutland which were sunk by air attacks. On 5 May the destroyer was detached from PQ-15 upon arrival at Murmansk. Badsworth remained in North Russia until 21 May, when she joined the ocean escort for the return convoy QP-12, with HMS Ulster Queen, the destroyers Venomous, Boadicea, Escapade, Inglefield and St Albans. The convoy also included the minesweeper Harrier and three trawlers. On 27 May, the Badsworth detached herself from the convoy, along with the Venomous and the Ulster Queen.

Escort and patrol duties in the Mediterranean

See also: Operation Harpoon (1942)

HMS Badsworth after being hit by a mine near the Grand Harbour.

On 29 May, the Badsworth was chosen for far escort duties of supply convoy to Malta, as part of Operation Harpoon. After preparing for the Mediterranean duties at Derry, on 6 June the destroyer joined Convoy WS-19S in the north west approaches as part of Ocean Escort for passage to Gibraltar. On 12 June, Badsworth joined the cruiser HMS Cairo, with a covering destroyer flotilla made up of the destroyers Bedouin , Marne, Matchless Partridge, Ithuriel , Blankney , Middleton and ORP Kujawiak. Also part of Force X charged with leading the convoy to Malta were the minesweepers HMS Hebe, HMS Speedy, HMS Hythe and HMS Rye. The ships set out of Gibraltar escorting the convoy through the Sicilian narrows. On 14 June, the Badsworth was under heavy air attack, which damaged HMS Liverpool forcing her return to Gibraltar. The day after found the convoy in action with Italian warships in their attempt to intercept and sink the convoy. On 16 June, the Badsworth suffered major structural damage after she detonated a mine whilst entering Grand Harbour, Malta. The destroyer entered the harbour with the two merchantmen that survived the convoy. The ships’ night time arrival, along with errors in the signals received for a mine-swept path caused the convoy to pass through a minefield. ORP Kujawiak was sunk after detonating a mine, while the Matchless , the minesweeper Hebe and the merchantman SS Orari were also damaged. The Badsworth had twelve by fifteen foot gash torn in her forward structure below the waterline. Among the fourteen casualties were some survivors from the merchant ships sunk during the passage to Malta. The day after the arrival, the destroyer was docked and taken for repairs at HM Dockyard, Malta. Temporary repairs to allow a return to Great Britain took until 11 August, when the Badsworth left Malta, along with the Matchless as escorts for two merchantmen to Gibraltar. The ships were tagged as Force Y, as part of Operation Ascendant. These ships were the only remaining survivors of the Harpoon convoy. Their passage back to Gibraltar was deliberately planned to coincide with that of the next Malta relief convoy, Operation Pedestal. During the passage close to the North African coast, Italian recognition marks were painted on the Badsworth’s forecastle. The ships arrived at Gibraltar on 15 August, with the Badsworth leaving harbour three days later, heading for the United Kingdom for repairs. On 25 August, the Badsworth entered the North Shields commercial shipyard for repairs.

HMS Badsworth on 14 April 1943 escorting a Liberty-ship en route to North Africa.

Repairs continued until November, with post refit trails and the preparations for operational service ending in December. Badsworth rejoined the Londonderry Escort Force for convoy defence in the North Atlantic. On 18 December, the destroyer joined the military convoy WS25 with the destroyers Haydon and Wolverine as escort for the convoy’s route to Freetown. The Badsworth detached from WS-25 along with the other destroyers and returned to the Clyde on 24 December.

From January to February 1943, the Badsworth continued to provide defence for Atlantic convoys, however she was transferred to the Mediterranean for escort and support duties with the 60th Destroyer Division. On 16 March, as the Badsworth was prepared for foreign service, she joined the joint military convoy WS-28/KMF-11 in the Clyde with the Polish destroyer ORP Krakowiak, and the Royal Navy destroyers Douglas, Eggesford, Goathland, Whaddon and the sloops HMS Woodpecker and HMS Wren as escorts during the convoy’s Atlantic passage. The Badsworth then detached from the joint convoy with other ships bound for Gibraltar, as part of KMF11. The Badsworth was thence deployed in the Western Mediterranean for convoy defence and patrol. On 22 April, she was mined at Bone, Algeria, sustaining major structural damage in her aft section. The Badsworth’s starboard engine was immobilised, with both shafts distorted. The ship was beached, and had to be refloated and towed back into harbour by the minesweeper HMS Clacton. Temporary repairs were made in Malta during May, upon completion the Badsworth was towed back to the United Kingdom by the tug Frisky as part of Convoy MKS-15. The destroyer was taken in hand for extensive repairs at a commercial shipyard in Liverpool in July. The destroyer was paid off from Royal Navy service and transferred on loan to the Royal Norwegian Navy on 8 August 1944. The Badsworth was renamed as HNoMS Arendal. The ship was decommissioned from the Royal Navy on 16 November 1944.

Duties under Norwegian command, and later career

HNoMS Arendal at Kungsholmen, Stockholm.

In September, the Arendal was nominated for duty with the 16th Destroyer Flotilla, based at Harwich, after completing the shipyard work, carrying out the harbour trial, a post refit trial, the destroyer was ready again for operational service, joining the flotilla at Harwich for patrol and escort duties in the North Sea and the Channel. The destroyer saw action on 25 March 1945 against minelaying E-Boats in the Thames Estuary with the Polish destroyer ORP Krakowiak. The continuation of the ship’s loan to the Royal Norwegian Navy was approved after VE Day, with the ship continuing to be deployed with the Royal Norwegian Navy on loan from the Royal Navy. The Arendal was a destroyer escort in Operation Kingdom, the embarkation of the Crown Prince of Norway aboard HMS Ariadne for his return to Oslo. After her return to Norway Arendal made a return trip to the UK, when she sailed in September 1945 to Leith and retrieved 400 urns containing the ashes of Norwegians who had died in the UK during the war. The urns were placed 40 each in 10 crates on the aft deck, each of the crates decorated with a large flower bouquet. Before the ship left port with her cargo a Norwegian priest belonging to the Norwegian Church Abroad held a service on board. When the destroyer arrived in Oslo she was met by King Haakon VII, Crown Prince Olav, Prince Harald and Bishop Eivind Berggrav, as well as military units and a large crowd of people. Arendal also escorted landing vessels from the United Kingdom to Norway, the landing vessels having been bought by the Norwegian government for conversion to coastal ferries and cargo vessels. On several occasions Arendal sailed to Germany, escorting vessels carrying German soldiers being repatriated to Bremerhaven in north-western Germany. HNoMS Arendal was bought by Norway after the end of hostilities, in 1946. The ship remained in operational use as an escort destroyer until 1956, when she was classified as a frigate. The Arendal was used as a training ship for cadets, before being removed from the active list in 1961. She was scrapped in 1965.

Notes

a. ^{^} The Royal Navy submarine HMS Sturgeon was also present with the convoy initially, as was the cruiser HMS London. Transit of the convoy was partially covered by ships of the Home Fleet.

Bibliography

• Admiralty (1942). "ADM199/721: P.Q. and Q.P. convoys: reports". HM Stationery Office. 
• Brooke, Ewart (1962). "Destroyer". Jarrolds. ISBN 0-09-906800-1. 
• Bjørnsson, Nils (1994). "Å være eller ikke være - Under orlogsflagget i den annen verdenskrig". Sjømilitære Samfund ved Norsk Tidsskrift for Sjøvesen. ISBN 82-990969-3-6.. 
• Bradford, Ernle (2003). "Siege: Malta 1940-1943". Pen and Sword. ISBN 0-85052-930-1. 
• Cocker, Maurice. "Destroyers of the Royal Navy, 1893-1981". Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-1075-7. 
• English, John (1987). "The Hunts: a history of the design, development and careers of the 86 destroyers of this class built for the Royal and Allied Navies during World War II". World Ship Society. ISBN 0-905617-44-4. 
• Jane, Frederick Thomas (1968). "Jane's Fighting Ships". Marston and Co.. 
• Macksey, Kenneth (1986). "Commando: hit-and-run combat in World War II, Part 794". Stein and Day. 
• Madsen, Chris (1998). "The Royal Navy and German naval disarmament, 1942-1947". Taylor & Francis, Inc.. ISBN 978-0-7146-4823-1. 
• Peregontsev, A.S. (1999). "Korabli Vtoroi Mirovoi Voiny, 1939-1945: Spravochnik, Volume I". Izdatel' Peregontsev V.S.. 
• Rohwer, Jürgen (1977). "The critical convoy battles of March 1943: the battle for HX.229/SC122". Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-818-7. 
• Rohwer J., Jürgen; Hümmelchen, Gerhard (1992). "Chronology of the war at sea 1939-1945: the naval history of World War II". Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-105-9. 
• Schofield Betham, Brian (1977). "The Arctic convoys". Macdonald and Jane's. ISBN 978-0-354-01112-9. 
• Smith, Peter Charles (1984). "Hold the narrow sea: naval warfare in the English Channel, 1939-1945". Moorland. ISBN 0-86190-079-0. 
• Smith, Peter Charles (1970). "Pedestal: the Malta convoy of August, 1942". Kimber. ISBN 978-0-7183-0032-6. 

External links

• "No. 38377". 10 August 1948. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/38377/page/  The official despatch to the Admiralty describing Operation Harpoon.
• HMS Badsworth
• The Hunt (Type II) class Escort destroyers