Gordon Gollob | |
---|---|
Gordon Gollob | |
Born | 16 June 1912 |
Died | 8 September 1987 | (aged 75)
Place of birth | Vienna |
Place of death | Sulingen |
Allegiance |
First Austrian Republic (to 1938) Nazi Germany |
Service/branch | Luftwaffe |
Years of service | 1933–1945 |
Rank | Oberst |
Unit | ZG 76, JG 3, JG 54, JG 77, Luftflotte 5 |
Commands held | II./JG 3, JG 77, Jafü 5 and General der Jagdflieger |
Battles/wars | |
Awards | Ritterkreuz mit Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten |
Gordon Max Gollob (16 June 1912, Vienna – 8 September 1987) was an Austrian-born Nazi German fighter pilot and flying ace in the Luftwaffe from 1938 to 1945 during World War II. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat.[1] He rose to the position of General der Jagdflieger, and was one of only 27 to receive the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds (German language: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten). The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade the Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. At the time of its presentation to Gollob it was Germany's highest military decoration.[Note 1]
Gollob was credited with 150 aerial victories—that is, 150 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft—achieved in 340 missions. He recorded 144 victories over the Eastern front. Gollob was the first pilot in aviation history to claim 150 aerial victories.
Early life[]
Gollob was born in Vienna. In 1933 he joined the Austrian Bundesheer as an officer cadet, and the year after he completed his flying training. He rose to command a training unit, the Schulstaffel A. When Austria was annexed by Germany in 1938, Gollob joined the Luftwaffe with the rank of Oberleutnant. On 15 March 1939 Gollob was posted to the 3./Zerstörergeschwader 76 (ZG 76)[Note 2] flying the Bf 110 twin-engined fighter.
World War II[]
ZG 76 was stationed on the Polish border and took part in Fall Weiss, the invasion of Poland from 1 September 1939. Gollob scored his first victories over Poland, and continued his success when ZG 76 took part in the Battle of the Heligoland Bight.
On 8 April 1940, Gollob was appointed Staffelkapitän of 3./ZG 76. The unit took part in Operation Weserübung and Gollob had two more victories over Norway. Later that year Gollob shot down a Spitfire during the Battle of Britain. He was then given night fighter training and assigned to II./Jagdgeschwader 3 (JG 3) on 7 September. JG 3 was stationed on the Channel Front, and saw much action. On 9 October Gollob was appointed Staffelkapitän of 4./JG 3.
In 1941 the unit was transferred east to take part in Operation Barbarossa, the code name for Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II. A few days after the invasion started, on 27 June, Gollob was appointed Gruppenkommandeur of II./JG 3, and promoted to Hauptmann. Against the weak Soviet Air Force Gollob proved quite successful, downing 18 enemy aircraft in the month of August alone. On 18 September he was awarded the Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes for his 42 victories. In October he had an impressive 37 victories, including 9 in one day on 18 October. On 26 October he was awarded the Eichenlaub after reaching 85 victories. In December Gollob was pulled of frontline service, and was transferred to a testing unit, to help with the development of the next version of the Bf 109.
After a brief spell at the Stabschwarm of Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54) Gollob, now a Major, assumed command over Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77) as Geschwaderkommodore on 16 May 1942. JG 77 was given the task of supporting the hard fighting over the Kerch straits on the Crimean peninsula. The JG 77, led by such able experts as Gollob and Heinrich Bär leading I./JG 77, "took over" the air space over the Kerch-Taman area. Intense rivalry ensued between Gollob and Bär, each striving to outperform the other. On 20 May Gollob reached his victory number 100. On 23 June he was awarded the Schwerter, after his tally had risen to 107. Only two months later he reached 150 victories, becoming the Luftwaffe's highest scoring pilot at that point. For this he was awarded the Brillanten to his Ritterkreuz on 29 August, only number 3 to receive such honours.
An anonymous JG 77 pilot described Gollob's methods; "Gollob flew from Kerch together with his wingman. They positioned themselves at a low altitude beneath a Soviet formation. Then they started climbing in spirals, carefully maintaining their position beneath the enemy formation. Before the peacefully flying Soviets had even suspected any mischief, the two planes at the bottom of their formation had been shot down and the two Germans were gone."[2]
High command[]
On 1 October 1942, now an Oberst, Gollob was posted to the staff of Jagdfliegerführer 3[Note 3] on the Channel Front, and on 15 October he was appointed Jagdfliegerführer 5, being responsible of the tactical fighter command over northwestern France.
In April 1944 Gollob was transferred to the personal staff of General der Jagdflieger Adolf Galland, to advise on the development of the jet aircraft projects.In September he had a falling out with Galland however, and was transferred to Kommando der Erprobungstellen, or HQ of test units. In November Gollob was appointed commander of the Jäger-Sonderstab - or special fighter commando - for the Ardennes offensive. In January 1945 Gollob was appointed General der Jagerflieger, following Galland's sacking by the OKL after the costly Operation Bodenplatte.
Controversy[]
Gollob was an ardent Nazi, and was often thought poorly of by his fellow pilots. Johannes Steinhoff said about Gollob in an interview first printed in World War II Magazine in February 2000:
"Well, I will say this, then I will say nothing else about Gollob. Losses soared under his leadership everywhere he went, much like Göring in the first war. He placed leaders in command of units not because of their competence, but due to their loyalty to the Nazi Party, which were very few in the Jagdwaffe." [1]
Gollob was regarded as a competent pilot, but a poor leader due to his eagerness to impress superiors and his unhealthy competitive spirit.
After the war[]
After being released from captivity following the surrender, Gollob made a living as a contributor to Aircraft Magazines and lecturing. In 1948 he became a foreman of the Federation of Independents in Austria. From 1951 he started working for a company making motors and vehicles. He had two sons and a daughter with his wife. Gollob died in Sulingen, Diepholz, Lower Saxony on 7 September 1987.
Awards[]
- Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold with Pennant "300"
- Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe (21 July 1941)[3]
- Combined Pilots-Observation Badge in Gold with Diamonds
- Crimea Shield
- Iron Cross (1939)
- Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds
- Knight's Cross on 18 September 1941 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of II./JG 3[5][6]
- 38th Oak Leaves on 26 October 1941 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of II./JG 3[7][Note 4]
- 13th Swords on 23 June 1942 as Hauptmann and Geschwaderkommodore of JG 77[5][8]
- 3rd Diamonds on 30 August 1942 as Major and Geschwaderkommodore of JG 77[5][9]
- Mentioned three times in the Wehrmachtbericht (25 November 1941, 20 June 1942 and 31 August 1942)
Reference in the Wehrmachtbericht[]
Date | Original German Wehrmachtbericht wording | Direct English translation |
---|---|---|
Saturday 25 October 1941 | Hauptmann Gollob errang am 20 Oktober seinen 30., Major Lützow am 24 Oktober seinen 101. Luftsieg.[10] | Hauptmann Gollob achieved on 20 October his 30th, Major Lützow on 24 October his 101st aerial victory. |
Saturday 20 June 1942 | Hauptmann Gollob, Kommodore eines Jagdgeschwaders, errang seinen 101. Luftsieg.[11] | Hauptmann Gollob, commodore of a fighter wing, achieved his 101st aerial victory. |
Monday 31 August 1942 | Am 29. August errang Major Gollob, Kommodore eines Jagdgeschwaders, an der Ostfront seinen 150. Luftsieg.[12] | Major Gollob, commodore of a fighter wing, on 29 August achieved on the Eastern front his 150th aerial victory. |
Notes[]
- ↑ In 1942, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds was second only to the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross (Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes), which was awarded only to senior commanders for winning a major battle or campaign, in the military order of the Third Reich. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds as the highest military order was surpassed on 29 December 1944 by the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Goldenem Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten).
- ↑ For an explanation of the meaning of Luftwaffe unit designation see Organization of the Luftwaffe during World War II
- ↑ A Jagdfliegerführer, or Jafü, was the commander of the Fighter forces of a Luftflotte. For more details see Organization of the Luftwaffe during World War II
- ↑ According to Scherzer on 25 October 1941.[5]
See also[]
References[]
- Citations
- ↑ Spick 1996, pp. 3–4.
- ↑ Prien. JG 77, p. 1018
- ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 19.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Thomas 1997, p. 208.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Scherzer 2007, p. 341.
- ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 199.
- ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 55.
- ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 40.
- ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 36.
- ↑ Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939-1945 Band 1, p. 708.
- ↑ Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939-1945 Band 2, p. 168.
- ↑ Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939-1945 Band 2, p. 268.
- Bibliography
- Berger, Florian (1999) (in German). Mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern. Die höchstdekorierten Soldaten des Zweiten Weltkrieges [With Oak Leaves and Swords. The Highest Decorated Soldiers of the Second World War]. Vienna, Austria: Selbstverlag Florian Berger. ISBN 978-3-9501307-0-6.
- Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) (in German). Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 – Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtsteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches]. Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
- Fraschka, Günther (1994). Knights of the Reich. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Military/Aviation History. ISBN 978-0-88740-580-8.
- Obermaier, Ernst (1989) (in German). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1941 – 1945]. Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
- Prien, Jochen (1993). Jagdgeschwader 77. ISBN 3-923457-19-7.
- Schaulen, Fritjof (2003) (in German). Eichenlaubträger 1940 – 1945 Zeitgeschichte in Farbe I Abraham – Huppertz [Oak Leaves Bearers 1940 – 1945 Contemporary History in Color I Abraham – Huppertz]. Selent, Germany: Pour le Mérite. ISBN 978-3-932381-20-1.
- Scherzer, Veit (2007) (in German). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives]. Jena, Germany: Scherzers Miltaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
- Thomas, Franz (1997) (in German). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1: A–K [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1: A–K]. Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-2299-6.
- Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.
- Williamson, Gordon (2006). Knight's Cross with Diamonds Recipients 1941–45. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-644-7.
- (in German) Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 1, 1. September 1939 bis 31. Dezember 1941 [The Wehrmacht Reports 1939–1945 Volume 1, 1 September 1939 to 31 December 1941]. München, Germany: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG. 1985. ISBN 978-3-423-05944-2.
- (in German) Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 2, 1. Januar 1942 bis 31. Dezember 1943 [The Wehrmacht Reports 1939–1945 Volume 2, 1 January 1942 to 31 December 1943]. München, Germany: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG. 1985. ISBN 978-3-423-05944-2.
External links[]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Category:Gordon Mac Gollob. - Der Graf ist verboten Der Spiegel 36/1950
- Gordon Gollob @ Aces of the Luftwaffe
- Gordon Gollob @ Adlertag (German)
- Gordon Gollob @ Lexikon der Wehrmacht (German)
- Gordon Gollob @ Ritterkreuzträger 1939–45 (German)
- World War 2 Magazine interview with Johannes Steinhoff
- World War II Awards
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds1941 1942 - Adolf Galland
- Gordon Gollob
- Hans-Joachim Marseille
- Hermann Graf
1943 1944 1945 in chronological order
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet"- Viktor Bauer (Oak Leaves)
- Franz Beyer
- Emil Bitsch
- Eberhard von Boremski
- Kurt Brändle (Oak Leaves)
- Max Bucholz
- Walther Dahl1 (Oak Leaves)
- Kurt Ebener
- Siegfried Engfer
- Wolf-Udo Ettel (Oak Leaves)
- Wolfgang Ewald
- Gustav Frielinghaus
- Hans Fuß
- Werner Gerth
- Gordon Gollob2 (Oak Leaves, Swords & Diamonds)
- Hans Grünberg
- Horst Haase
- Ludwig Häfner
- Hans von Hahn
- Josef Haiböck
- Alfred Heckmann
- Ekhard Hübner
- Lothar Keller
- Heinz Kemethmüller
- Joachim Kirschner (Oak Leaves)
- Karl-Heinz Langer
- Wilhelm Lemke (Oak Leaves)
- Werner Lucas
- Günther Lützow (Oak Leaves & Swords)
- Helmut Meckel
- Helmut Mertens
- Georg Michalek
- Wilhelm Moritz
- Leopold Münster (Oak Leaves)
- Klaus Neumann
- Walter Oesau3 (Oak Leaves & Swords)
- Walter Ohlrogge
- Klaus Quaet-Faslem
- Detlev Rohwer
- Helmut Rüffler
- Franz Ruhl
- Georg Schentke
- Hans Schleef
- Winfrid Schmidt
- Werner Schröer4 (Oak Leaves & Swords)
- Franz Schwaiger
- Kurt Sochatzy
- Ekkehard Tichy
- Willy Unger
- Hans Weik
- Franz von Werra
- Otto Weßling (Oak Leaves)
- Wolf-Dietrich Wilcke5 (Oak Leaves & Swords)
- Oskar Zimmermann
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients of Jagdgeschwader 77- Johann Badum
- Heinz-Edgar Berres
- Walter Brandt
- Jürgen Brocke
- Lutz-Wilhelm Burckhardt
- Erwin Clausen (Oak Leaves)
- Siegfried Freytag
- Friedrich Geißhardt (Oak Leaves)
- Gordon Gollob1 (Oak Leaves, Swords & Diamonds)
- Anton Hackl2 (Oak Leaves & Swords)
- Heinz Hackler
- Günther Hannak
- Jürgen Harang
- Franz Hrdlicka
- Wolf-Dietrich Huy (Oak Leaves)
- Herbert Ihlefeld (Oak Leaves & Swords)
- Herbert Kaiser
- Armin Köhler
- Kurt Lasse
- Anton Mader
- Emil Omert
- Johann Pichler
- Alexander Preinfalk
- Ernst-Wilhelm Reinert3 (Oak Leaves & Swords)
- Rudolf Schmidt
- Franz Schulte
- Heinrich Setz (Oak Leaves)
- Kurt Ubben (Oak Leaves)
- Alexander von Winterfeldt
- Bernhard Woldenga
Recipients of the Combined Pilots-Observation Badge in Gold with Diamonds- Karl Angerstein
- Ion Antonescu
- Italo Balbo
- Werner Baumbach
- Nicolaus von Below
- Werner von Blomberg
- Karl Bodenschatz
- Alfonso de Orleans y Borbón
- Bernd von Brauchitsch
- Friedrich Christiansen
- Otto Deßloch
- Eduard Dietl
- Josef Dietrich
- Alfred Druschel
- Karl Dönitz
- Francisco Franco
- Carl August Freiherr von Gablenz
- Adolf Galland
- Hubert-Marie Joseph de Geffrier
- Gordon Gollob
- Hermann Graf
- Ulrich Grauert
- Robert Ritter von Greim
- Hermann Göring
- Martin Harlinghausen
- Erich Hartmann
- Joachim Helbig
- Hans-Joachim Herrmann
- Heinrich Himmler
- Miklós Horthy
- Hans Jeschonnek
- Josef Kammhuber
- Paul Karadjordjevic
- Gustav Kastner-Kirdorf
- Alfred Keller
- Albert Kesselring
- Hans Kettenbeil
- Alfredo Kindelán
- Günther Korten
- Helmut Lent
- Bruno Loerzer
- Günther Lützow
- Alexander Löhr
- Carl Gustav Emil Freiherr Mannerheim
- Hans-Joachim Marseille
- Erhard Milch
- d'Astiè de la Vìgerie Moragilia
- Werner Mölders
- Frederick Navratil
- Walter Nowotny
- Walter Oesau
- Albert Parani
- Dietrich Peltz
- Jacques Petitjean
- Johann Pflugbeil
- Hermann-Bernhard Ramcke
- Hanna Reitsch
- Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen
- Erwin Rommel
- Hans-Ulrich Rudel
- Schmidlein
- Otto Skorzény
- Hugo Sperrle
- Melitta Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg
- Paul Stehlin
- Kurt Student
- Hans-Jürgen Stumpff
- Heinrich Trettner
- Ernst Udet
- Ugo Valle
- Joseph Vuillemin
- Walther Wever
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