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Ghurid conquest of Bengal

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Siege of Nadiya
Part of Ghurid conquests
Date1203
LocationNabadwip
Result Ghurid victory
Territorial
changes		 Annexation of western lands of Sena Dynasty by Ghurid Dynasty
Belligerents
Ghurid Dynasty Sena Dynasty
Commanders and leaders
Bhakhtiyar Khalji Lakshmana sena
Strength
18 horsemen ~unknown~
Casualties and losses
0 ~Heavy~

In 1203, Ghurid general Muhammed Bhakhtiyar Khalji defeated the Sena emperor Lakshmana Sena in Nabadwip, West Bengal. Khalji annexed most of the lands held by the Sena Dynasty. Lakshmana Sena later retreated to southeast Bengal.[1][2][3][4]

Background[]

Returning to Bihar, Bhakhtiyar Khalji learnt of Sena Dynasty and Lakshmana Sena. He was said to be eighty years old, and had been a famous warrior. Khalji decided to conquer Bengal following the conquest of Bihar in 1202. After hearing that Khalji have decided to attack Bengal, many Brahmins and traders left the Sena capital for a safer place. But Lakshman Sena decided to remain in Nadiya.[5][6][7]

The siege[]

Bakhtiyar stationed most of his army in a forest near the city of Nadia and entered the city with only seventeen horsemen. They were not questioned since it was believed that they were horse sellers. Bakhtiyar moved slowly towards the palace which seems to be a mile distant from the gate. After reaching the palace, Bakhtiyar began to attack the guards, which created a disturbance. By that time the main army of Bakhtiyar reached the principal gate of the city, they were opposed by the guards there, which created more disturbance. It was noon and the king was then sitting down for his meal. After hearing the noise, he immediately left the palace by the postern gate and took the boat on the river Ganges to go to eastern Bengal. Bakhtiyar entered the harem and seized all the ladies and servants. His men seized several horses and elephants along with enormous wealth. In the meantime, the main army of Bakhtiyar had overcome the guards and began to plunder the city. This plunder continued for three days. Bakhtiyar moved on to Lakshmanavati, which he planned to make his capital.[5][8][9]

Aftermath[]

Bhakhtiyar Khalji was appointed as the governor of Bengal.[10] Lakshmana Sena fled to Eastern Bengal and continued to rule there three or four years more till 1205 CE while most of the parts of his dynasty were conquered by the Ghurids.[11][12]

References[]

  1. ↑ Jenkins, Everett (1999) (in en). The Muslim Diaspora: 570-1500. McFarland. pp. 194. ISBN 978-0-7864-0431-5. https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Muslim_Diaspora_570_1500.html?id=oLnXAAAAMAAJ#lakshmana%20sena%20khalji. 
  2. ↑ Jr, Everett Jenkins (2015-05-07) (in en). The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 1, 570-1500): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. McFarland. pp. 194. ISBN 978-1-4766-0888-4. https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Muslim_Diaspora_Volume_1_570_1500.html?id=xBIkCQAAQBAJ#v=onepage&q=lakshmana%20sena%20khalji&f=false. 
  3. ↑ Syed, Muzaffar Husain; Akhtar, Syed Saud; Usmani, B. D. (2011-09-14) (in en). Concise History of Islam. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. pp. 275. ISBN 978-93-82573-47-0. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=eACqCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA275&dq=lakshman+sena+bakhtiyar&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&ov2=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkzN7G2cz_AhWtbWwGHSTNAx4Q6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=lakshman%20sena%20bakhtiyar&f=false. 
  4. ↑ Bhattacharjee, Tinkoo (2023-05-20) (in en). Social Science Success Book 7 (A.Y. 2023-24)Onward. Goyal Brothers Prakashan. pp. 73. ISBN 978-93-95941-41-9. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7mXEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA73&dq=lakshman+sena+bakhtiyar&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&ov2=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiS_fzm3cz_AhVgamwGHeTuD604ChDoAXoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=lakshman%20sena%20bakhtiyar&f=false. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Chandra, Satish (2004) (in en). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN 978-81-241-1064-5. https://books.google.com/books/about/Medieval_India_From_Sultanat_to_the_Mugh.html?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC#v=onepage&q=lakshmana%20sena%20khalji&f=false. 
  6. ↑ Pandey, Bishnu Dayal (1994) (in en). Political History of Rajmahal. Capital Publishing House. pp. 33. ISBN 978-81-85157-77-1. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7m1uAAAAMAAJ&q=lakshman+sena+bakhtiyar&dq=lakshman+sena+bakhtiyar&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&ov2=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkzN7G2cz_AhWtbWwGHSTNAx4Q6AF6BAgJEAM#lakshman%20sena%20bakhtiyar. 
  7. ↑ Singh, Brig K. Kuldip (2013-10-28) (in en). Indian Military Thought KURUKSHETRA to KARGIL and Future Perspectives. Lancer Publishers LLC. ISBN 978-1-935501-93-0. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rTG8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PT248&dq=lakshman+sena+bakhtiyar&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&ov2=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiS_fzm3cz_AhVgamwGHeTuD604ChDoAXoECAoQAw#v=onepage&q=lakshman%20sena%20bakhtiyar&f=false. 
  8. ↑ Ray, Aniruddha (2019-03-04) (in en). The Sultanate of Delhi (1206-1526): Polity, Economy, Society and Culture. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-00729-9. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=jNSNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT27&dq=lakshman+sena+bakhtiyar&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&ov2=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkzN7G2cz_AhWtbWwGHSTNAx4Q6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=lakshman%20sena%20bakhtiyar&f=false. 
  9. ↑ Murshid, Ghulam (2018-01-25) (in en). Bengali Culture Over a Thousand Years. Niyogi Books. ISBN 978-93-86906-12-0. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9o4SEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT20&dq=lakshman+sena+bakhtiyar&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&ov2=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkzN7G2cz_AhWtbWwGHSTNAx4Q6AF6BAgDEAM#v=onepage&q=lakshman%20sena%20bakhtiyar&f=false. 
  10. ↑ Adhikari, Subhrashis (2016-04-20) (in en). The Journey of Survivors: 70,000-Year History of Indian Sub-Continent. Partridge Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4828-7334-4. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Iz4UDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT131&dq=lakshman+sena+bakhtiyar&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&ov2=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkzN7G2cz_AhWtbWwGHSTNAx4Q6AF6BAgBEAM#v=onepage&q=lakshman%20sena%20bakhtiyar&f=false. 
  11. ↑ Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (2002) (in en). History of Ancient India: Earliest Times to 1000 A. D.. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. pp. 200. ISBN 978-81-269-0027-5. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=cWmsQQ2smXIC&pg=PA200&dq=lakshman+sena+bakhtiyar&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&ov2=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkzN7G2cz_AhWtbWwGHSTNAx4Q6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=lakshman%20sena%20bakhtiyar&f=false. 
  12. ↑ Khan, MD I. A. (2022-07-04) (in en). Medieval History (Emergence of Islam to downfall of mughal empire). Blue Rose Publishers. pp. 35. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bLB4EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA35&dq=lakshman+sena+bakhtiyar&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&ov2=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkzN7G2cz_AhWtbWwGHSTNAx4Q6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=lakshman%20sena%20bakhtiyar&f=false. 
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