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| − | [[File:Siege of malta 1.jpg|300px|right|thumb|''"Arrival of the dean fleet''", showing the garrison of |
+ | [[File:Siege of malta 1.jpg|300px|right|thumb|''"Arrival of the dean fleet''", showing the garrison of Malta in 1565 and the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] invasion force.]] |
'''Garrison ''' (various spellings) (from the French ''garnison'', itself from the verb ''garnir'', "to equip") is the collective term for a body of [[troop]]s stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, but now often simply using it as a home base. |
'''Garrison ''' (various spellings) (from the French ''garnison'', itself from the verb ''garnir'', "to equip") is the collective term for a body of [[troop]]s stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, but now often simply using it as a home base. |
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==Arab garrison== |
==Arab garrison== |
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| − | "Garrison towns" ({{lang-ar| حصون}}) were used during the [[Muslim conquests|Arab Islamic conquests]] of Middle Eastern lands by Arab-Muslim armies to increase their dominance over indigenous populations.<ref>[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/donner.html The Early Islamic Conquests, by Fred Donner. Princeton University Press, 1981; forward from page 251.]</ref> In order to occupy non-Arab, non-Islamic areas, nomadic Arab tribesmen were taken from the desert by the ruling Arab elite, conscripted into Islamic armies, and settled into garrison towns as well as given a share in the [[Jizya|spoils of war]]. The primary utility of the Arab-Islamic garrisons was to control the indigenous non-Arab peoples of these conquered and occupied territories, and to serve as garrison bases to launch further Islamic military campaigns into yet-undominated lands. A secondary aspect of the Arab-Islamic garrisons was the uprooting of the aforementioned nomadic Arab tribesmen from their original home regions in the |
+ | "Garrison towns" ({{lang-ar| حصون}}) were used during the [[Muslim conquests|Arab Islamic conquests]] of Middle Eastern lands by Arab-Muslim armies to increase their dominance over indigenous populations.<ref>[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/donner.html The Early Islamic Conquests, by Fred Donner. Princeton University Press, 1981; forward from page 251.]</ref> In order to occupy non-Arab, non-Islamic areas, nomadic Arab tribesmen were taken from the desert by the ruling Arab elite, conscripted into Islamic armies, and settled into garrison towns as well as given a share in the [[Jizya|spoils of war]]. The primary utility of the Arab-Islamic garrisons was to control the indigenous non-Arab peoples of these conquered and occupied territories, and to serve as garrison bases to launch further Islamic military campaigns into yet-undominated lands. A secondary aspect of the Arab-Islamic garrisons was the uprooting of the aforementioned nomadic Arab tribesmen from their original home regions in the Arabian Peninsula in order to proactively avert these tribal peoples, and particularly their young men, from revolting against the Islamic state established in their midst. |
==British and Irish garrison== |
==British and Irish garrison== |
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| − | In the [[United Kingdom]], "Garrison" also specifically refers to any of the major military stations such as [[Aldershot Garrison|Aldershot]], [[Catterick Garrison|Catterick]], [[Colchester Garrison|Colchester]], |
+ | In the [[United Kingdom]], "Garrison" also specifically refers to any of the major military stations such as [[Aldershot Garrison|Aldershot]], [[Catterick Garrison|Catterick]], [[Colchester Garrison|Colchester]], Tidworth, Bulford, and London, which have more than one barracks or [[military camp|camp]] and their own military [[headquarters]], usually commanded by a [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]], [[Brigadier]] or [[Major General|Major-General]], assisted by a [[Garrison Sergeant Major]]. In Ireland, Association football (as distinct from Gaelic football) has historically been termed the "garrison game" or the "garrison sport" for its connections with British military serving in Irish cities and towns.<ref>[http://anfearrua.com/ViewSectionDetail.asp?docid=1567 An Fear Rua - Garrison, Gallic and Gaelic]</ref> |
==Israeli garrison== |
==Israeli garrison== |
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| − | In |
+ | In Israel, a "garrison unit" ({{lang-he| חיל מצב}}) is a regular unit defending a specified Israeli zone in need of protection from attack from combatants. Israeli garrison units placed in the disputed territories of [[Judea and Samaria Area|Judea and Samaria]]/West Bank are recognized under [[UN Resolution 242]] as occupied pending peaceful recognition by all regional combatants. |
| − | == |
+ | ==Ancient Rome garrison== |
{{main|Colonia (Roman)}} |
{{main|Colonia (Roman)}} |
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It was an old custom in [[History of Italy during Roman times|ancient Italy]] to send out colonies for the purpose of securing new conquests. The [[Roman Republic|Romans]], having no [[standing army]], used to plant bodies of their own citizens in conquered towns as a kind of garrison. |
It was an old custom in [[History of Italy during Roman times|ancient Italy]] to send out colonies for the purpose of securing new conquests. The [[Roman Republic|Romans]], having no [[standing army]], used to plant bodies of their own citizens in conquered towns as a kind of garrison. |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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*''Nouveau petit Larousse illustré'', 1952 (French encyclopedic dictionary) |
*''Nouveau petit Larousse illustré'', 1952 (French encyclopedic dictionary) |
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[[Category:Military units and formations by type]] |
[[Category:Military units and formations by type]] |
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[[Category:Barracks]] |
[[Category:Barracks]] |
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[[Category:World Digital Library related]] |
[[Category:World Digital Library related]] |
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Revision as of 01:22, 24 September 2019
"Arrival of the dean fleet", showing the garrison of Malta in 1565 and the Ottoman invasion force.
Garrison (various spellings) (from the French garnison, itself from the verb garnir, "to equip") is the collective term for a body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, but now often simply using it as a home base. The garrison is usually in a city, town, fort, castle or similar. "Garrison town" is a common expression for any town that has a military base nearby.
Arab garrison
"Garrison towns" (Arabic language: حصون) were used during the Arab Islamic conquests of Middle Eastern lands by Arab-Muslim armies to increase their dominance over indigenous populations.[1] In order to occupy non-Arab, non-Islamic areas, nomadic Arab tribesmen were taken from the desert by the ruling Arab elite, conscripted into Islamic armies, and settled into garrison towns as well as given a share in the spoils of war. The primary utility of the Arab-Islamic garrisons was to control the indigenous non-Arab peoples of these conquered and occupied territories, and to serve as garrison bases to launch further Islamic military campaigns into yet-undominated lands. A secondary aspect of the Arab-Islamic garrisons was the uprooting of the aforementioned nomadic Arab tribesmen from their original home regions in the Arabian Peninsula in order to proactively avert these tribal peoples, and particularly their young men, from revolting against the Islamic state established in their midst.
British and Irish garrison
In the United Kingdom, "Garrison" also specifically refers to any of the major military stations such as Aldershot, Catterick, Colchester, Tidworth, Bulford, and London, which have more than one barracks or camp and their own military headquarters, usually commanded by a Colonel, Brigadier or Major-General, assisted by a Garrison Sergeant Major. In Ireland, Association football (as distinct from Gaelic football) has historically been termed the "garrison game" or the "garrison sport" for its connections with British military serving in Irish cities and towns.[2]
Israeli garrison
In Israel, a "garrison unit" (Hebrew: חיל מצב) is a regular unit defending a specified Israeli zone in need of protection from attack from combatants. Israeli garrison units placed in the disputed territories of Judea and Samaria/West Bank are recognized under UN Resolution 242 as occupied pending peaceful recognition by all regional combatants.
Ancient Rome garrison
It was an old custom in ancient Italy to send out colonies for the purpose of securing new conquests. The Romans, having no standing army, used to plant bodies of their own citizens in conquered towns as a kind of garrison.
References
- Nouveau petit Larousse illustré, 1952 (French encyclopedic dictionary)
The original article can be found at Garrison and the edit history here.