Southern Command (United Kingdom)

Southern Command
Active	1793–1972
Country	United Kingdom
Branch	British Army
Type	Command
Garrison/HQ	Portsmouth (1793-1901); Tidworth Camp (1901-1949); Fugglestone St Peter (1949-1972)

Southern Command was a Command of the British Army based within and covering Southern England.

Nineteenth century[]

Great Britain was divided into military districts on the outbreak of war with France in 1793. By the 1830s the command included the counties of Kent and Sussex (the original Southern District during the Napoleonic Wars) as well as Bedfordshire, Northamptonshire, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire (the original South Inland District) and Hampshire, Wiltshire and Dorset (the original South-West District) and Gloucestershire, Worcestershire and Herefordshire (the original Severn District).^[1]^[2]

The role of South-West District Commander, which was doubled hatted with that of Lieutenant-Governor of Portsmouth, was originally based at Government House in Grand Parade in Portsmouth. This building became very dilapidated and a new Government House was established in the High Street in Portsmouth in 1826. In January 1876 a ‘Mobilization Scheme for the forces in Great Britain and Ireland’ was published, with the ‘Active Army’ divided into eight army corps based on the District Commands. 5th Corps was to be formed within Southern Command, based at Salisbury. This scheme disappeared in 1881, when the districts were retitled ‘District Commands. A third Government House, which was built in red brick on Cambridge Road in Portsmouth, was completed in 1882.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Twentieth century[]

The 1901 Army Estimates introduced by St John Brodrick allowed for six army corps based on six regional commands. As outlined in a paper published in 1903, II Corps was to be formed in a reconstituted Southern Command, with HQ at Salisbury Plain. Lieutenant General Sir Evelyn Wood was appointed acting General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOCinC) of Southern Command on 1 October 1901. Southern Command was initially based at Tidworth Camp.^[7]^[8]^[9]

First World War[]

At the end of 1914, Lieutenant General Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien, the GOCinC, left Southern Command to form II Corps in France, and Lieutenant General William Campbell was placed in command.^[10]

Second World War[]

In 1939 regular troops reporting to Southern Command included 1st Armoured Division, based at Andover, and 3rd Infantry Division, based at Bulford Camp.^[11] Other Regular Troops reporting to Southern Command at war time included:^[11]

8th Royal Tank Regiment
9th Field Regiment, Royal Artillery
6/23 Field Battery, 12th Field Regiment, Royal Artillery
3rd Medium Regiment, Royal Artillery
4th Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
1st Survey Regiment, Royal Artillery
2nd Survey Regiment, Royal Artillery
2nd Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery

Post War[]

The command moved to Erskine Barracks near Fugglestone St Peter in Wiltshire in 1949.^[12]^[13] In 1968, a new command (Army Strategic Command) was formed at Erskine Barracks, largely staffed by the Southern Command personnel already based there. At the same time a new HQ Southern Command was established at Hounslow Barracks, into which was merged HQ Eastern Command (which was thence disestablished as a separate command).^[14] This new, expanded Southern Command, with geographical responsibility across the old Eastern and Southern command areas, was itself merged into HQ UK Land Forces (HQ UKLF) in 1972.^[15]

Formation sign variants[]

During the Second World War and after, Southern Command, in common with other UK Commands, used its formation sign as a badge, (or flash) on uniforms. The HQ sign itself (see top of this article) with its horizontal red, black, red background colouring indicated an army level command, on which were five stars of the Southern Cross. Uniquely in Southern Command the background colour of the shield, and occasionally the stars, was changed to show the colours of the service corps of the personnel, other commands used their formation sign with an arm of service stripe (¹⁄₄ inch (0.64 cm) thick) below it. The various designs and changes for visibility or similarity are shown below.^[16]

General Officers Commanding-in-Chief[]

GOCs and GOCinCs have included:^[17]^[18]^[19]

General Officer Commanding South-West District

1793 - 1796 Colonel Thomas Trigge
1796 - 1799 Lieutenant-General Cornelius Cuyler
February 1799 - June 1799 Major-General Thomas Murray
1799 - 1804 Major-General John Whitelocke
1804 - 1805 Colonel Hildebrand Oakes
June 1805 - December 1805 Major-General Hon. John Hope
1805 - 1808 Major-General Sir George Prevost
1808 - 1813 Major-General Arthur Whetham
May 1813 - July 1813 Lieutenant-General Hon. Thomas Maitland
January 1814 -September 1814 Major-General William Houston
1814 - 1819 Major-General Kenneth Alexander Howard
August 1819 - October 1819 Major-General Sir James Kempt
1819 - 1821 Major-General Sir George Cooke
1821 - 1828 Major-General Sir James Lyon
1828 - 1834 Major-General Sir Colin Campbell
1834 - 1839 Major-General Sir Thomas McMahon
1839 - 1846 Major-General Sir Hercules Robert Pakenham^[20]
1847 - 1851 Lieutenant-General Lord Frederick FitzClarence
1851 - 1852 Major-General Sir George D'Aguilar
1852 - 1855 Major-General Sir James Simpson
1855 - 1857 Major-General Henry William Breton
1857 - 1860 Lieutenant-General the Hon. Sir James Scarlett
1860 - 1865 Major-General Lord William Paulet

General Officer Commanding Southern District

1865 - 1870 Lieutenant-General Sir George Buller
1870 - 1874 General Viscount Templetown
1874 - 1877 General Sir Charles Hastings Doyle
1877 - 1878 General Sir John Garvock
1878 - 1884 General Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1884 - 1889 General Sir George Willis
1889 - 1890 General the Hon. Sir Leicester Smyth
1890 - 1893 Lieutenant-General the Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
1893 - 1898 Major General Sir John Davis
1898 - 1903 Lieutenant General Sir Baker Creed Russell
1903 - 1904 Major General Robert Montgomery

Commander Second Army Corps

In 1901 Second Army Corps was formed, with South East District at Dover, Southern District at Portsmouth and Western District at Devonport under command.

1901 - 1904 Lieutenant General Sir Evelyn Wood^[21]

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Command

1905 - 1909 Lieutenant General Sir Ian Hamilton
1909 - 1912 Lieutenant General Sir Charles Douglas
1912 - 1914 Lieutenant General Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien
1914 - 1916 Lieutenant General Sir William Campbell
1916 - 1919 Lieutenant General Sir Henry Sclater
1919 - 1922 Lieutenant General Sir George Harper
1923 - 1924 Lieutenant General Sir Walter Congreve
1924 - 1928 Lieutenant General Sir Alexander Godley
1928 - 1931 Lieutenant General Sir Archibald Montgomery-Massingberd
1931 - 1933 Lieutenant General Sir Cecil Romer
1933 - 1934 Lieutenant General Sir Percy Radcliffe
1934 - 1938 Lieutenant General Sir John Burnett-Stuart
1938 - 1939 Lieutenant General Sir Archibald Wavell
July 1939 - August 1939 Lieutenant General Sir Alan Brooke
September 1939 - June 1940 Lieutenant General Sir Bertie Fisher
June 1940 - July 1940 Lieutenant General Sir Alan Brooke
July 1940 - November 1940 Lieutenant General Sir Claude Auchinleck
December 1940 - February 1942 Lieutenant General Sir Harold Alexander
March 1942 - February 1944 Lieutenant General Sir Charles Loyd
February 1944 - February 1945 Lieutenant General Sir William Morgan
March 1945 - June 1945 Lieutenant General Sir Sidney Kirkman
1945 - 1947 Lieutenant General Sir John Crocker
1947 - 1948 Lieutenant General Sir John Harding
1949 - 1952 Lieutenant General Sir Ouvry Roberts
1952 - 1955 Lieutenant General Sir Ernest Down
1955 - 1958 Lieutenant General Sir George Erskine
1958 - 1961 Lieutenant General Sir Nigel Poett
1961 - 1963 Lieutenant General Sir Robert Bray
1964 - 1966 Lieutenant General Sir Kenneth Darling
1966 - 1968 Lieutenant General Sir Geoffrey Baker
1968 Lieutenant General Sir John Mogg
1968 - 1969 Lieutenant General Sir David Peel Yates
1969 - 1971 Lieutenant General Sir Michael Carver
1971 - 1972 Lieutenant General Sir Basil Eugster

References[]

↑ Robert Burnham and Ron McGuigan, The British Army Against Napoleon: Facts, Lists and Trivia, 1805–1815 (2010) p. 7.
↑ Adolphus, John (1818). "The political state of the British empire: Containing a General View of the Domestic and Foreign Possessions of the Crown; the Laws, Commerce, Revenues, Offices, and Other Establishments, Civil and Military". University of Michigan Library. p. 363. https://books.google.com/books?id=dQQ-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA363&lpg=PA363&dq=%22South+Inland+District%22&source=bl&ots=KEyEnYxbOL&sig=lifQ0nqcUsx0o7yMh-bdx-IPGM0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiMk6e_udzJAhXCWRoKHbUYCv8Q6AEIJDAB#v=onepage&q=%22South%20Inland%20District%22&f=false.
↑ Army List 1876–1881.
↑ Quail, Sarah (2014). "Portsmouth in the Great War". Pen & Sword. ISBN 978-1783462766. https://books.google.com/books?id=8O9DBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA30&lpg=PA30&dq=Government+House+High+Street+Portsmouth&source=bl&ots=M6Z8b5NQO3&sig=kla86gaCsqz7kyUxxbdsvF-Qxh8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiBuYf-zdnJAhVD2RoKHRi-As44ChDoAQgyMAI#v=onepage&q=Government%20House%20High%20Street%20Portsmouth&f=false.
↑ Smythies, p. 442
↑ "Saxe Weimar Road". Portsmouth Encyclopaedia. p. 316. https://www.portsmouth.gov.uk/ext/documents-external/lib-portsmouthencyclopaedia-2011.pdf. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
↑ General Sir Ian Hamilton at the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives
↑ Col John K. Dunlop, The Development of the British Army 1899–1914, London: Methuen, 1938.
↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}". 5 September 1901.
↑ "William Campbell". Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/locreg/CAMPBELL19.shtml.
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Patriot Files
↑ 'Fugglestone St Peter', in A History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume 6 (1962), pp. 37-50 online
↑ Subterranea Britannica
↑ Kneen, J. M.; Sutton, D. J. (1996). Craftsmen of the Army: The Story of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Volume 2: 1969-1992. London: Leo Cooper. p. 253.
↑ "Army Command Structure (United Kingdom)". Hansard. 17 December 1970. http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1970/dec/17/army-command-structure-united-kingdom. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
↑ Cole p. 18
↑ Whitaker's Almanacks 1905 - 1972
↑ Southern Command at Regiments.org
↑ "Army Commands". http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201860-.pdf. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
↑ Henry Colburn, The United Service Magazine, vol. 29 (1839) p. 111.
↑ "Wood, Sir (Henry) Evelyn (1838–1919), army officer" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.) Oxford University Press Digital object identifier:10.1093/ref:odnb/37000 (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Sources[]

Cole, Howard (1973). Formation Badges of World War 2. Britain, Commonwealth and Empire. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 978-0853680789. https://archive.org/details/formationbadgeso00cole.
Smythies, Raymond Henry (1894). Historical Records of the 40th (2nd Somersetshire) Regiment. A. W. Swiss. p. 442. https://archive.org/details/historicalrecor00smytgoog.

External links[]

All or a portion of this article consists of text from Wikipedia, and is therefore Creative Commons Licensed under GFDL.
The original article can be found at Southern Command (United Kingdom) and the edit history here.

[1] Robert Burnham and Ron McGuigan, The British Army Against Napoleon: Facts, Lists and Trivia, 1805–1815 (2010) p. 7.

[2] Adolphus, John (1818). "The political state of the British empire: Containing a General View of the Domestic and Foreign Possessions of the Crown; the Laws, Commerce, Revenues, Offices, and Other Establishments, Civil and Military". University of Michigan Library. p. 363. https://books.google.com/books?id=dQQ-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA363&lpg=PA363&dq=%22South+Inland+District%22&source=bl&ots=KEyEnYxbOL&sig=lifQ0nqcUsx0o7yMh-bdx-IPGM0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiMk6e_udzJAhXCWRoKHbUYCv8Q6AEIJDAB#v=onepage&q=%22South%20Inland%20District%22&f=false.

[3] Army List 1876–1881.

[greatwar-4] Quail, Sarah (2014). "Portsmouth in the Great War". Pen & Sword. ISBN 978-1783462766. https://books.google.com/books?id=8O9DBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA30&lpg=PA30&dq=Government+House+High+Street+Portsmouth&source=bl&ots=M6Z8b5NQO3&sig=kla86gaCsqz7kyUxxbdsvF-Qxh8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiBuYf-zdnJAhVD2RoKHRi-As44ChDoAQgyMAI#v=onepage&q=Government%20House%20High%20Street%20Portsmouth&f=false.

[5] Smythies, p. 442

[6] "Saxe Weimar Road". Portsmouth Encyclopaedia. p. 316. https://www.portsmouth.gov.uk/ext/documents-external/lib-portsmouthencyclopaedia-2011.pdf. Retrieved 22 November 2015.

[7] General Sir Ian Hamilton at the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives

[8] Col John K. Dunlop, The Development of the British Army 1899–1914, London: Methuen, 1938.

[9] "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}". 5 September 1901.

[10] "William Campbell". Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/locreg/CAMPBELL19.shtml.

[patriot-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Patriot Files

[12] 'Fugglestone St Peter', in A History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume 6 (1962), pp. 37-50 online

[13] Subterranea Britannica

[KneenSutton1996-14] Kneen, J. M.; Sutton, D. J. (1996). Craftsmen of the Army: The Story of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Volume 2: 1969-1992. London: Leo Cooper. p. 253.

[15] "Army Command Structure (United Kingdom)". Hansard. 17 December 1970. http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1970/dec/17/army-command-structure-united-kingdom. Retrieved 15 December 2015.

[16] Cole p. 18

[17] Whitaker's Almanacks 1905 - 1972

[18] Southern Command at Regiments.org

[19] "Army Commands". http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201860-.pdf. Retrieved 21 November 2015.

[20] Henry Colburn, The United Service Magazine, vol. 29 (1839) p. 111.

[21] "Wood, Sir (Henry) Evelyn (1838–1919), army officer" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.) Oxford University Press Digital object identifier:10.1093/ref:odnb/37000 (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

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