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'''Emmanuel Philibert''' (in Italian '''Emanuele Filiberto'''; known as "Testa di ferro", in English "Ironhead", because of his military career; 8 July 1528 – 30 August 1580) was [[Duke of Savoy|Duke of]] Savoy from 1553 to 1580.
  
'''Emmanuel Philibert''' (in Italian '''Emanuele Filiberto'''; known as "Testa di ferro", in English "Ironhead", because of his military career; 8 July 1528 – 30 August 1580) was [[Duke of Savoy|Duke of]] Savoy from 1553 to 1580.
   
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Born in [[Chambéry]], Emmanuel Philibert was the only child of [[Charles III, Duke of Savoy]], and [[Beatrice of Portugal (1504-1538)|Beatrice of Portugal]] to reach adulthood. His mother was sister-in-law to [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], Holy Roman Emperor, and the future duke served in Charles's army during the war against [[Francis I of France]], distinguishing himself by capturing [[Hesdin]] in July 1553. A month later, he became Duke of Savoy on the death of his father, but this was a nearly empty honour, as the vast majority of his hereditary lands had been occupied and administered by the French since 1536. Instead, he continued to serve the Habsburgs in hopes of recovering his lands, and served his maternal first cousin King [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]] as [[Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands|Governor of the Netherlands]] from 1555 to 1559.
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Born in [[Chambéry]], Emmanuel Philibert was the only child of [[Charles III, Duke of Savoy]], and [[Beatrice of Portugal (1504-1538)|Beatrice of Portugal]] to reach adulthood. His mother was sister-in-law to [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], Holy Roman Emperor, and the future duke served in Charles's army during the war against [[Francis I of France]], distinguishing himself by capturing [[Hesdin]] in July 1553. A month later, he became Duke of Savoy on the death of his father, but this was a nearly empty honour, as the vast majority of his hereditary lands had been occupied and administered by the French since 1536. Instead, he continued to serve the Habsburgs in hopes of recovering his lands, and served his maternal first cousin King [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]] as Governor of the Netherlands from 1555 to 1559.
   
 
In this capacity he personally led the Spanish invasion of northern France and won a brilliant victory at [[Battle of St. Quentin (1557)|Saint-Quentin]] in August 1557. He was a suitor to Lady Elizabeth Tudor, the future Queen Elizabeth I. He had barely any money at that time.
  
In this capacity he personally led the Spanish invasion of northern France and won a brilliant victory at [[Battle of St. Quentin (1557)|Saint-Quentin]] in August 1557. He was a suitor to Lady Elizabeth Tudor, the future Queen Elizabeth I. He had barely any money at that time.
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By the [[Peace of Cateau Cambrésis]] between France and Spain, (1559) the duchy was restored to Emmanuel Philibert and he married his half-first cousin once removed [[Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry]] (1523–1574), daughter of King [[Francis I of France]] and sister to King Henry II. Their only child was [[Charles Emmanuel I of Savoy]].
  
By the [[Peace of Cateau Cambrésis]] between France and Spain, (1559) the duchy was restored to Emmanuel Philibert and he married his half-first cousin once removed [[Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry]] (1523–1574), daughter of King [[Francis I of France]] and sister to King Henry II. Their only child was [[Charles Emmanuel I of Savoy]].
   
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Following the death of his uncle, [[Henry I of Portugal]], on 31 January 1580, Emmanuel Philibert fought to impose his rights as a claimant to the Portuguese throne. However, he soon realised that he had quite a fragile position due to the claims of his cousin, [[Philip II of Spain]], who, in the end, managed to conquer the country and the Crown.
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Following the death of his uncle, [[Henry I of Portugal]], on 31 January 1580, Emmanuel Philibert fought to impose his rights as a claimant to the Portuguese throne. However, he soon realised that he had quite a fragile position due to the claims of his cousin, [[Philip II of Spain]], who, in the end, managed to conquer the country and the Crown.
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Emmanuel Philibert spent his rule regaining what had been lost in the costly wars with France. A skilled political strategist, he took advantage of various squabbles in Europe to slowly regain territory from both the French and the Spanish, including the city of Turin. He also purchased two territories. Internally, he moved the capital of the duchy from [[Chambéry]] to Turin and replaced Latin as the duchy's official language with Italian.<ref>Francesco Bruni, [http://www.italica.rai.it/principali/lingua/bruni/schede/politica.htm ‘La politica linguistica di Emanuele Filiberto’], ''Storia della Lingua Italiana'', Rai International: Italica.</ref> He was attempting to acquire the marquisate of Saluzzo when he died in Turin.<ref>Cambridge modern History, Volume 1, Stanley Leathes, G. W. (George Walter) Prothero, Sir Adolphus William Ward, CUP Archive, 1964, pg. 399–400</ref>
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Emmanuel Philibert spent his rule regaining what had been lost in the costly wars with France. A skilled political strategist, he took advantage of various squabbles in Europe to slowly regain territory from both the French and the Spanish, including the city of Turin. He also purchased two territories. Internally, he moved the capital of the duchy from [[Chambéry]] to Turin and replaced Latin as the duchy's official language with Italian.<ref>Francesco Bruni, [http://www.italica.rai.it/principali/lingua/bruni/schede/politica.htm ‘La politica linguistica di Emanuele Filiberto’], ''Storia della Lingua Italiana'', Rai International: Italica.</ref> He was attempting to acquire the marquisate of [[Saluzzo]] when he died in Turin.<ref>Cambridge modern History, Volume 1, Stanley Leathes, G. W. (George Walter) Prothero, Sir Adolphus William Ward, CUP Archive, 1964, pg. 399–400</ref>
  
 
Later, he was buried in the [[Sindone Chapel|Chapel of the Holy Shroud]] of the [[Turin Cathedral]], where he did move the [[Holy Shroud|Sindone]] in 1578.
  
Later, he was buried in the [[Sindone Chapel|Chapel of the Holy Shroud]] of the [[Turin Cathedral]], where he did move the [[Holy Shroud|Sindone]] in 1578.
 
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{{succession box|title=[[Duke of Savoy]]|before=[[Charles III, Duke of Savoy|Charles III]]|after=[[Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy|Charles Emmanuel I]]|years=1553–1580}}
  
{{succession box|title=[[Duke of Savoy]]|before=[[Charles III, Duke of Savoy|Charles III]]|after=[[Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy|Charles Emmanuel I]]|years=1553–1580}}
 
{{s-off}}
  
{{s-off}}
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{{succession box|title=[[Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands|Governor of the Netherlands]]|before=[[Mary of Austria, Queen of Hungary|Mary of Austria]]|after=[[Margaret of Austria (1522-1583)|Margaret of Parma]]|years=1555–1559}}
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{{succession box|title=Governor of the Netherlands|before=[[Mary of Austria, Queen of Hungary|Mary of Austria]]|after=[[Margaret of Austria (1522-1583)|Margaret of Parma]]|years=1555–1559}}
 
{{s-end}}
  
{{s-end}}
   

Revision as of 22:05, 27 October 2019

Emmanuel Philibert
Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy (1580)
Preceded by Charles III
Succeeded by Charles Emmanuel I
Personal details
Born (1528-07-08)8 July 1528
Chambéry
Died 30 August 1580(1580-08-30) (aged 52)
Turin, Italy
Spouse(s) Margaret of France
Armoiries Savoie 1563

Coat of Arms of the Dukes of Savoy after Emmanuel Philibert

Emmanuel Philibert (in Italian Emanuele Filiberto; known as "Testa di ferro", in English "Ironhead", because of his military career; 8 July 1528 – 30 August 1580) was Duke of Savoy from 1553 to 1580.

Born in Chambéry, Emmanuel Philibert was the only child of Charles III, Duke of Savoy, and Beatrice of Portugal to reach adulthood. His mother was sister-in-law to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the future duke served in Charles's army during the war against Francis I of France, distinguishing himself by capturing Hesdin in July 1553. A month later, he became Duke of Savoy on the death of his father, but this was a nearly empty honour, as the vast majority of his hereditary lands had been occupied and administered by the French since 1536. Instead, he continued to serve the Habsburgs in hopes of recovering his lands, and served his maternal first cousin King Philip II as Governor of the Netherlands from 1555 to 1559.

In this capacity he personally led the Spanish invasion of northern France and won a brilliant victory at Saint-Quentin in August 1557. He was a suitor to Lady Elizabeth Tudor, the future Queen Elizabeth I. He had barely any money at that time.

By the Peace of Cateau Cambrésis between France and Spain, (1559) the duchy was restored to Emmanuel Philibert and he married his half-first cousin once removed Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry (1523–1574), daughter of King Francis I of France and sister to King Henry II. Their only child was Charles Emmanuel I of Savoy.

Following the death of his uncle, Henry I of Portugal, on 31 January 1580, Emmanuel Philibert fought to impose his rights as a claimant to the Portuguese throne. However, he soon realised that he had quite a fragile position due to the claims of his cousin, Philip II of Spain, who, in the end, managed to conquer the country and the Crown. Emmanuel Philibert spent his rule regaining what had been lost in the costly wars with France. A skilled political strategist, he took advantage of various squabbles in Europe to slowly regain territory from both the French and the Spanish, including the city of Turin. He also purchased two territories. Internally, he moved the capital of the duchy from Chambéry to Turin and replaced Latin as the duchy's official language with Italian.[1] He was attempting to acquire the marquisate of Saluzzo when he died in Turin.[2] Later, he was buried in the Chapel of the Holy Shroud of the Turin Cathedral, where he did move the Sindone in 1578.

Ancestry

See also

Commons-Logo Wikimedia Commons has media related to Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy.
  • 1580 Portuguese succession crisis

Notes

  1. ↑ Francesco Bruni, ‘La politica linguistica di Emanuele Filiberto’, Storia della Lingua Italiana, Rai International: Italica.
  2. ↑ Cambridge modern History, Volume 1, Stanley Leathes, G. W. (George Walter) Prothero, Sir Adolphus William Ward, CUP Archive, 1964, pg. 399–400
Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy
House of Savoy
Born: 8 July 1528 Died: 30 August 1580
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Charles III 		Duke of Savoy
1553–1580 		Succeeded by
Charles Emmanuel I
Political offices
Preceded by
Mary of Austria 		Governor of the Netherlands
1555–1559 		Succeeded by
Margaret of Parma
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