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Eddie Roberts (boxer)

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Eddie Roberts
Eddie Roberts (boxer)
2 pictures of Eddie Roberts (boxer). one of him in a suit and another of him with his boxing equipement on.
Personal details
Born
Edwin Lionel Rowland

Anacortes, Washington, US

Edward Roberts (born as Edwin Lionel Rowland) (January 20, 1903 – March 3, 1968), better known as Eddie Roberts, was an American Welterweight/Middleweight boxer, actor and a World War I, World War II and Korean War veteran who competed from 1922 to 1931. He held the title of Pacific Northwest Welterweight Champion and was a serious contender for the World Welterweight championship in 1926-1927.

Early life[]

Eddie Roberts was born on January 20, 1903, in Anacortes, Washington to father Edwin Luther Rowland of Scotch-Irish parentage, the owner of a Livery and transport business and a City Marshal, and mother Mamie Kreamen of German parentage, a Housewife.[4][5][6] The youngest of two brothers, he lived in Anacortes up until at least the age of 7,[7] reportedly he later grew up in Alameda.[8] His father passed away when Roberts was seven years old due to a broken neck in an automobile accident.[9][10][11] Roberts attended Whitney Primary School.[12][13][14] Roberts filled his draft registration card under a fake name on September 12, 1918 at the age of 15.[15][16] He joined the United States Navy and was stationed at the Brooklyn Navy Yard after which being moved to the battleship USS Arkansas in Guantánamo Bay in 1920 at the latest and gaining the rank of fireman and afterwards water tender. On November 27, 1929, Roberts married Agnes Serene Anderson.[1][17][18][19][20][21]

Amateur career[]

While serving on the USS Arkansas, Roberts' boxing skills were noticed by his fellow sailors, who would often engage in friendly sparring matches with him. His impressive performance in these matches caught the attention of the ship's athletic director, who saw his potential as a competitive boxer. With the encouragement of his the athletic director, Roberts decided to join the Atlantic Squadron fistic competition. Roberts' decision to join the competition turned out to be a wise one, as he quickly rose through the ranks and eventually won the middleweight championship of the navy.[1]

Professional career[]

Eddie Roberts vs Gene Cline January 24, 1924

Eddie Roberts vs Gene Cline January 24, 1924

Roberts left the Navy and asked Jack Connors in late 1921 if Connors would be his coach (Connors was also the coach of future Welterweight World champion, Freddie Steele and briefly the coach of the future 15th governor of Washington Albert Rosellini),[22] Connors accepted,[23] Roberts left the Navy and had his professional debut on September 2, 1922, at the age of 19 in the Welterweight weight class with a win against Fred Kelly. Roberts' popularity and skill grew quickly, and by 1923, he was participating in main event fights like the one at the now Kaiser Convention Center against Oakland Jimmy Duffy.[8]

On March 6, 1924, Roberts became the Pacific Northwest Welterweight Champion after winning against Ted Krache in a round six points decision, 19 days later he lost the title to Bobby Harper but would later regain it after winning against Harper on November 20, 1924. Roberts would lose the title again 19 days later and would never regain it.[24]

Roberts's knockout of Joe Dundee December 4, 1926

Roberts's knockout of Joe Dundee December 4, 1926

Roberts's most notable event of his career was on December 4, 1926, where he fought against Joe Dundee and won in a first round knockout after only 4 seconds earning him 400 dollars and a big amount of publicity. Roberts would however lose the rematch in a ten-round unanimous decision a month later in front of over 18 thousand spectators inside Madison Square Garden. Dundee would go on to become World Welterweight Champion.[24]

On March 22, 1927, Roberts won a bout against Olympic athlete Jack Zivic with a round twelve-points decision.[24]

On April 4, 1927, Roberts lost a bout against Olympic athlete Al Mello with a round-one knockout.[24]

At the end of 1927, Roberts was seventh place in the Welterweight division.[25]

On March 12, 1928, Roberts lost a bout against future Welterweight and Middleweight champion Young Corbett III with a round-nine knockout.[24]

On February 7, 1930, Roberts had a draw with Gorilla Jones after fighting for ten rounds.[26]

Retirement from boxing and acting career[]

On August 19, 1931, at the age of 28 Roberts sustained two small fractures of the jaw, this occurred during his bout with Buddy Gorman. This incident would be the final catalyst that would push Roberts into his retirement from boxing aside form a few bouts here and there in the coming years.[27]

Roberts had started his acting career in 1929 when he starred in the film Follow the Leader where he played a gangster. Roberts would later star in many movies (see below) and also a series of boxing commercials by Al Christie alongside Buster West and Tom Patricola.[28] In 1934 Roberts became an athletic instructor for Hecht-MacArthur Productions.[29]

Filmography[]

Year Title Role Source
1930 Follow the Leader Gangster [28]
1930 Roadhouse Nights [30]
1930 Model Women Mover Mike [31]
1931 Masquerade Cafe Customer [32][33]
1931 The Naggers at the Ringside Eddie Robberts [34]
1933 Broadway Brevities #18: World's Champ [35][36]
1933 Hizzoner [37]
1933 Million Dollar Melody [37][33]
1933 The Good Bad Man [37]
1934 The Knife of the Party Bit Role [37]
1934 The Wrong Bottle [38]
1934 Hotel Anchovy Sucidal Hotel Guest
Eddie Roberts in 'Hotel Anchovy' 1934
Eddie Roberts in 'Hotel Anchovy' 1934
 [39]
1934 Sea Sore Stewart
File:Eddie Roberts in Sea Sore.png
 [39]
1934 Hello Sailors [33]
1935 Mr. Widget [39]
1935 Object Not Matrimony [40]
1936 The Screen Test [41]
1937 Freshies Chauffeur [39]
1937 On Such a Night [42]
1937 Some Blondes Are Dangerous Rattler O'Keefe [43][44][45]
1937 Submarine D-1 Pharmacist's Mate (uncredited) [46]
1937 Love on Toast [42]

Additional info and life after boxing career[]

In 1932 Roberts was the owner if a Nightclub near San Francisco after his retirement from boxing, in 1935 he sold it.[47][48][49]

In 1933, Roberts was working as a bartender in San Francisco.[50]

In late 1933, Roberts was a bartender aboard the Dollar Liner SS President Hoover in the Trans-Pacific trade.[51]

In 1936, Roberts was the owner of a Nightclub in Tacoma.[52]

In 1937, Roberts was the owner of a Tavern on Mason Street in San Francisco.[53]

In 1940, Roberts was working as a bartender in a hotel lounge in Redding.

Roberts loved to hunt and fish and planned to build an outing resort in California.[54]

In 1942 at the age of 39, Roberts lived in San Francisco and enlisted in the Navy on July 16, 1942. He was reassigned the rank of water tender and fought in World War II until June 22, 1945, serving first on the USS Bache, USS Houston, starting December 20, 1943 and the USS Mobile starting October 17, 1944.[18][55][56][57][58][59][60]

In 1950, Roberts was again working as a bartender in Seattle.[61]

Between 1950 and early 1953, Roberts fought in the Korean War on the USNS David C. Shanks,[62] SS Brazil Victory,[63] SS Otis L. Hall[64] as a watertender and on the American S.S Fairisle as a Deck Engineer.[65]

On July 19, 1954, Roberts married Colletta M. Johnson in San Francisco.[66]

In 1955, Roberts was working on the SS Young America as an Oiler.[67]

In 1957, Roberts was living in Nome, Alaska as a bartender.[68][69][70]

Edward Roberts died on March 3, 1968, in Alameda at the age of 65. and was buried in Willamette National Cemetery under his fake name and birth date.[57]

Style of play[]

Roberts was a counter fighter with a strong short left hook[23] who refused to play aggressively until his opponent was weakened.[1]

Jack Conners in reference to Roberts's toughness told the Oakland Tribune "He had the toughest skin i ever saw on a fighter. No cauliflower ears, no cut lips or flattened nose"[71]

Personal life[]

Roberts changed his name from Edward Lionel Rowland to Eddie/Edward Roberts for "fighting purposes".[1][54][72]

Roberts was married multiple times but had no children.[1]

Professional boxing record[]

All information in this section is derived from BoxRec,[24] unless otherwise stated.

Official record[]

Professional record summary
93 fights 62 wins 21 losses
By knockout 24 6
By decision 37 13
By disqualification 1 2
Draws 10

Gallery[]

External links[]

References[]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Oakland Tribune 14 Jan 1927, page Page 26" (in en). https://www.newspapers.com/image/90329300/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjkwMzI5MzAwLCJpYXQiOjE2NzIzMzgxODEsImV4cCI6MTY3MjQyNDU4MX0._0pAHxj-KKnlO7J8UxCJvtnmedMkgroVXL_U9OTZekg&terms=eddie&match=1. 
  2. ↑ "Edwin L Rowland Migration • Oregon Passenger and Crew Lists, 1888-1956". https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:C6JM-S7T2. 
  3. ↑ Humanities, National Endowment for the (1924-12-08). "The Seattle star. [volume (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, December 08, 1924, Image 18"]. pp. 17. ISSN 2159-5577. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87093407/1924-12-08/ed-1/seq-18/. 
  4. ↑ "Eddie Roberts boxer". http://www.fightsrec.com/eddie-roberts-anacortes-wa.html. 
  5. ↑ "Anacortes American 22 January 1903 — Washington Digital Newspapers". https://washingtondigitalnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=ANACAMER19030122.2.52&srpos=62&e=------190-en-20-ANACAMER-61-byDA-img-txIN-Rowland------. 
  6. ↑ "Department of Health, Delayed Birth Records - Edwin - Rowland - Mamie - Et Al.". https://www.digitalarchives.wa.gov/Record/View/476517D923112842613B206CA38EE892. 
  7. ↑ "1910 United States Federal Census". https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/190457541:7884?ssrc=pt&tid=8548595&pid=6135483521. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Oakland Tribune 14 November 1923, page Page 20" (in en). https://www.newspapers.com/image/98837220/?clipping_id=40944931&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjk4ODM3MjIwLCJpYXQiOjE2NzIzMzY5MTYsImV4cCI6MTY3MjQyMzMxNn0.zaNG5cdMiqix6eyOkL2t_XGm5_5YN_ZDL2oij51jRgE. 
  9. ↑ Humanities, National Endowment for the (1910-08-24). "The Seattle star. [volume (Seattle, Wash.) 1899-1947, August 24, 1910, Image 10"]. ISSN 2159-5577. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87093407/1910-08-24/ed-1/seq-10/. 
  10. ↑ "Edwin L Rowland in the Washington, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1851-1970". https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/1114773:9086. 
  11. ↑ "Edwin L. Rowland Death • Washington Death Certificates, 1907-1960". https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:N32T-SB8. 
  12. ↑ "Anacortes American 3 December 1908 — Washington Digital Newspapers". https://washingtondigitalnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=ANACAMER19081203.2.70&srpos=1&e=-------en-20--1-byDA-txt-txIN-%22Lionel+Rowland%22------. 
  13. ↑ "Anacortes American 28 January 1909 — Washington Digital Newspapers". https://washingtondigitalnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=ANACAMER19090128.2.17&srpos=2&e=-------en-20--1-byDA-txt-txIN-%22Lionel+Rowland%22------. 
  14. ↑ "Anacortes American 17 June 1909 — Washington Digital Newspapers". https://washingtondigitalnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=ANACAMER19090617.2.33&srpos=3&e=-------en-20--1-byDA-txt-txIN-%22Lionel+Rowland%22------. 
  15. ↑ "United States World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918". https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-817B-YLT?cc=1968530&wc=9FCM-YWG%3A928443301%2C928560101. 
  16. ↑ "United States Census, 1920". https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GRN6-B76?cc=1488411&personaUrl=%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3ASP8T-S4Y. 
  17. ↑ (in en) Our Navy, the Standard Publication of the U.S. Navy. 1926. https://books.google.com/books?id=9oHo95EdvscC&q=%22+Eddie+Roberts%22. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Humanities, National Endowment for the (1942-09-03). "The Tacoma times. [volume (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, September 03, 1942, Image 15"]. pp. 15. ISSN 2158-4729. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88085187/1942-09-03/ed-1/seq-15/. 
  19. ↑ Roberts, Edwin Lionel. "Edwin Lionel Roberts". https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/8548595/person/6135483521. 
  20. ↑ ""United States Census, 1920," database with images, FamilySearch Military and Naval Forces > Washington > Bremerton > USS Arkansas > image 11 of 20; citing NARA microfilm publication T625 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).". https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GRN6-B76?i=10&cc=1488411&personaUrl=%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3ASP8T-S4Y. 
  21. ↑ "The Tacoma Daily Ledger 24 Jan 1927, page 6" (in en). https://www.newspapers.com/image/725349859/. 
  22. ↑ (in en) ROSELLINI (cl). University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-80286-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=5z46Okeiy84C&q=Eddie+Roberts&pg=PA13. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "The Waco News-Tribune 31 Dec 1926, page Page 7" (in en). https://www.newspapers.com/image/51089195/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjUxMDg5MTk1LCJpYXQiOjE2NzIzMzM5ODYsImV4cCI6MTY3MjQyMDM4Nn0.MfD0fsFxzuUv2Mzlc61LR_-9RlOmg-j9dbjw125fDz0. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 "BoxRec: Eddie Roberts". https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/52068. 
  25. ↑ (in English) St. Louis Post-Dispatch 1927-12-24: Vol 80 Iss 108. Internet Archive. 1927-12-24. http://archive.org/details/per_st-louis-post-dispatch_1927-12-24_80_108. 
  26. ↑ Ashe, Arthur (1993). A hard road to glory--boxing : the African-American athlete in boxing. Internet Archive. New York : Amistad : Distributed by Penguin USA. ISBN 978-1-56743-036-3. http://archive.org/details/hardroadtogloryb0000ashe. 
  27. ↑ "The Fresno Morning Republican 22 August 1931, page 9" (in en). https://www.newspapers.com/image/607649918/?clipping_id=40946831&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjYwNzY0OTkxOCwiaWF0IjoxNjcyMzM4ODA2LCJleHAiOjE2NzI0MjUyMDZ9.zO6iRpmR7-OBhpsfEyStwQBV5SIExLjeM3Z4wN0iEKM. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}". https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/51054/images/News-TE-AM_GL.1937_10_20-0024?treeid=&personid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=OYM144&_phstart=successSource&pId=491606040&rcstate=News-TE-AM_GL.1937_10_20-0024:624,2579,710,2600;337,1863,396,1888;408,1863,503,1888;226,2292,314,2317;96,2488,162,2513;550,2579,612,2600. 
  29. ↑ The Film Daily (January 1935). The Film Daily (Jan-Mar 1935). MBRS Library of Congress. Wid's Films and Film Folk, inc.. http://archive.org/details/filmdaily67wids. 
  30. ↑ The Film Daily (July 1929). The Film Daily (Jul-Dec 1929). Media History Digital Library. New York, Wid's Films and Film Folks, Inc.. http://archive.org/details/filmdaily4950newy. 
  31. ↑ The Film Daily (January 1931). The Film Daily (Jan-Jun 1931). Media History Digital Library. New York, Wid's Films and Film Folks, Inc.. http://archive.org/details/filmdailyvolume555newy. 
  32. ↑ The Film Daily (June 1930). The Film Daily (Jul-Dec 1930). Media History Digital Library. New York, Wid's Films and Film Folks, Inc.. http://archive.org/details/filmdailyvolume55354newy. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 Webb, Graham (2020-07-10) (in en). Encyclopedia of American Short Films, 1926-1959. McFarland. ISBN 978-1-4766-3926-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZGDwDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA148&dq=%22Eddie+Roberts%22&hl=en. 
  34. ↑ The Film Daily (January 1931). The Film Daily (Jan-Jun 1931). Media History Digital Library. New York, Wid's Films and Film Folks, Inc.. http://archive.org/details/filmdailyvolume555newy. 
  35. ↑ "The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 10 Nov 1932, page 22" (in en). https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/693850219/. 
  36. ↑ Liebman, Roy (2015-05-20) (in en). Vitaphone Films: A Catalogue of the Features and Shorts. McFarland. ISBN 978-1-4766-0936-2. https://books.google.be/books?id=REaeCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=%22sock+market%22+vitaphone&source=bl&ots=qyvrfDTSUs&sig=ACfU3U3ZjqkoJac0HXXPtRhBnne-LA3jqg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwir2Z-izb3_AhVwiv0HHei6D1kQ6AF6BAgPEAM. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 The Film Daily (October 1933). The Film Daily (Oct-Dec 1933). MBRS Library of Congress. Wid's Films and Film Folk, inc.. http://archive.org/details/filmdaily64wids. 
  38. ↑ The Film Daily (April 1934). The Film Daily (Apr-Jun 1934). MBRS Library of Congress. Wid's Films and Film Folk, inc.. http://archive.org/details/filmdail65wids. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 Webb, Graham (2020-07-10) (in en). Encyclopedia of American Short Films, 1926-1959. McFarland. ISBN 978-1-4766-3926-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZGDwDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Eddie+Roberts%22+film&pg=PA342. 
  40. ↑ Motion picture daily. MBRS Library of Congress. New York [Motion picture daily, inc.]. http://archive.org/details/motionpicturedai35unse. 
  41. ↑ The Film Daily (September 1936). The Film Daily (Sep-Dec 1936). Media History Digital Library. New York, Wid's Films and Film Folks, Inc.. http://archive.org/details/filmdailyvolume770newy. 
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 The Film Daily (1938). The film daily year book of motion pictures (1938). Media History Digital Library. New York : The Film Daily. http://archive.org/details/filmdailyyearboo00film_6. 
  43. ↑ Quigley Publishing Co. (1937). Motion Picture Herald (Jul-Aug 1937). MBRS Library of Congress. [New York, N.Y. : Quigley Pub. Co.]. http://archive.org/details/motionpictureher128unse. 
  44. ↑ The Film Daily (July 1937). The Film Daily (Jul-Sep 1937). MBRS Library of Congress. Wid's Films and Film Folk, inc.. http://archive.org/details/filmdaily72wids. 
  45. ↑ The Film Daily (January 1938). The Film Daily (Jan-Mar 1938). MBRS Library of Congress. Wid's Films and Film Folk, inc.. http://archive.org/details/filmdaily73wids. 
  46. ↑ Institute, American Film (1993) (in en). The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States: Film entries, A - L. F. Feature films 3. 1931-1940. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-07908-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=e024jm9X7gQC. 
  47. ↑ "Reno Gazette-Journal 08 Mar 1932, page Page 9" (in en). https://www.newspapers.com/image/147507387/. 
  48. ↑ "Calexico Chronicle 19 February 1935 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=CC19350219.2.32&srpos=59&e=------193-en--20--41-byDA-txt-txIN-%22Eddie+Roberts%22-------1. 
  49. ↑ "The News Tribune 08 Apr 1935, page 6" (in en). https://www.newspapers.com/image/733498052/. 
  50. ↑ Humanities, National Endowment for the (1933-07-24). "The Waterbury Democrat. [volume (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, July 24, 1933, Image 13"]. pp. THIRTEEN. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014085/1933-07-24/ed-1/seq-13/. 
  51. ↑ "San Pedro News Pilot 26 December 1933 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SPNP19331226.2.165&srpos=55&e=------193-en--20--41-byDA-txt-txIN-%22Eddie+Roberts%22-------1. 
  52. ↑ "The News Tribune 25 Aug 1936, page 11" (in en). https://www.newspapers.com/image/733503915/. 
  53. ↑ "Oakland Tribune 27 September 1937 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=OT19370927.1.10&srpos=90&e=------193-en--20--81-byDA-txt-txIN-%22Eddie+Roberts%22-------1. 
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Humanities, National Endowment for the (1941-02-19). "The Tacoma times. [volume (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, February 19, 1941, Image 14"]. pp. 14. ISSN 2158-4729. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88085187/1941-02-19/ed-1/seq-14/. 
  55. ↑ "U.S., World War II Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947". https://www.ancestry.com/cs/offers/join?sub=281474977005568&dbid=2238&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.com%2Fdiscoveryui-content%2Fview%2F19153140%3A2238%3Ftid%3D8548595%26pid%3D6135483521%26queryId%3De52da7fbe72382ec5edc26c30cf2360d%26_phsrc%3DOYM9%26_phstart%3DsuccessSource&gsfn=&gsln=&h=19153140. 
  56. ↑ "Join Ancestry". https://www.ancestry.com/cs/offers/join?sub=9288674231746560&dbid=1143&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.com%2Fdiscoveryui-content%2Fview%2F27483274%3A1143%3Ftid%3D%26pid%3D%26queryId%3D226a306ae4879fdfe2f46ef61c0a0a5a%26_phsrc%3DOYM102%26_phstart%3DsuccessSource&gsfn=&gsln=&h=27483274. 
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 "National Cemetery Administration; U.S. Veterans' Gravesites". https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/2640219:8750. 
  58. ↑ "Join Ancestry". https://www.ancestry.com/cs/offers/join?sub=9288674231746560&dbid=1143&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.com%2Fdiscoveryui-content%2Fview%2F30306365%3A1143%3Ftid%3D%26pid%3D%26queryId%3D226a306ae4879fdfe2f46ef61c0a0a5a%26_phsrc%3DOYM103%26_phstart%3DsuccessSource&gsfn=&gsln=&h=30306365. 
  59. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}". https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1143/images/32859_242832-00102?treeid=&personid=&rc=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=OYM104&_phstart=successSource&pId=30295343. 
  60. ↑ "Join Ancestry". https://www.ancestry.com/cs/offers/join?sub=9288674231746560&dbid=1143&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.com%2Fdiscoveryui-content%2Fview%2F38750291%3A1143%3Ftid%3D%26pid%3D%26queryId%3D905cfdcdc1d840be57d772218cbddb77%26_phsrc%3DOYM104%26_phstart%3DsuccessSource&gsfn=&gsln=&h=38750291. 
  61. ↑ "Edwin L Rowland Census • United States 1950 Census". https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:6X1K-6VBP. 
  62. ↑ "Washington, U.S., Arriving and Departing Passenger and Crew Lists, 1882-1965". https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/8945/images/WAM1383_317-0529?pId=2177912. 
  63. ↑ "Edwin L Rowland Migration • Oregon Passenger and Crew Lists, 1888-1956". https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:CCTK-K26Z. 
  64. ↑ "Edwin L Rowland Migration • Oregon Passenger and Crew Lists, 1888-1956". https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:C6JM-S7T2. 
  65. ↑ "California, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists, 1882-1959". https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7949/images/IMUSACA1907_130226-00827?pId=4043269. 
  66. ↑ ""California, San Francisco County Records, 1824-1997," database with images, FamilySearch Marriages > Marriage Certificate Index (Grooms), Vol. 43, L-Z, 1918 > image 155 of 349; San Francisco Public Library, California.". https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GPBN-SJVJ?i=154&cc=1402856&personaUrl=%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AQLHM-VZMZ. 
  67. ↑ "Oregon, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists, 1888-1963". https://www.ancestry.com/cs/offers/join?sub=2550866976735232&dbid=1042&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.com%2Fdiscoveryui-content%2Fview%2F370911%3A1042%3Fssrc%3Dpt%26tid%3D8548595%26pid%3D6135483521&gsfn=&gsln=&h=370911. 
  68. ↑ "Eddy Rowland in entry for Gertrude May Rowland, "Alaska, Vital Records, 1816-2005"". https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:68R3-83M5. 
  69. ↑ Humanities, National Endowment for the (1957-03-18). "The Nome nugget. [volume (Nome, Alaska) 1938-????, March 18, 1957, Image 6"]. pp. 6. ISSN 0745-9106. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020662/1957-03-18/ed-1/seq-6/. 
  70. ↑ Humanities, National Endowment for the (1957-07-12). "The Nome nugget. [volume (Nome, Alaska) 1938-????, July 12, 1957, Image 6"]. pp. 6. ISSN 0745-9106. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020662/1957-07-12/ed-1/seq-6/. 
  71. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}". https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/8049/images/1933_02_05_0033?treeid=&personid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=OYM140&_phstart=successSource&pId=489231393&rcstate=1933_02_05_0033:37,4617,156,4650;67,4650,197,4683;1074,3108,1221,3141;50,4042,172,4075;328,4042,467,4075;71,4354,183,4387. 
  72. ↑ "Oakland Tribune 27 September 1937 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=OT19370927.1.10&srpos=1&e=-------en--20--1-byDA-txt-txIN-%22Edwin+L.+Rowland%22-------1. 
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