| Dunsterforce | |
|---|---|
 Dunsterville (far left) with staff | |
| Active | 1917–1918 |
| Country |
 British Empire |
| Allegiance | Allies |
| Type | Infantry |
| Role | Detachment |
| Size | Brigade |
| Engagements | Battle of Baku |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Lionel Dunsterville, Ranald MacDonell |
Established in 1917, Dunsterforce was an Allied military mission of 350 Australian, New Zealand, British, and Canadian troops (drawn from the Mesopotamian and Western Fronts), accompanied by armoured cars, deployed from Hamadan some 350 km across Qajar Persia. It was named after its commander General Lionel Dunsterville. Its mission was to gather information, train and command local forces, and prevent the spread of German propaganda.[1] Later on, Dunsterville was told to take and protect the Baku oil fields. The force was initially delayed by 3,000 Russian Bolshevik troops at Enzeli but then proceeded by ship to the port of Baku on the Caspian Sea. This was the primary target for the advancing Turkish forces and Dunsterforce endured a short, brutal siege in September 1918 before being forced to withdraw. Dunsterville took the blame for the debacle,[2] and the force was reconstituted as Norperforce under the command of Major-General William Montgomery Thomson, who re-entered Baku on 16 November 1918.
Order of battle[]
Soldiers of the 39th Brigade at Enzeli after being evacuated from Baku.
The British element of Dunsterforce comprised 39th Brigade of 13th (Western) Division. On July 1, 1918 the brigade received orders to be detached from the division for attachment to the Norperforce. The brigade's component units left the division between July 10 and August 19 . Brigade HQ arrived in Baku at Dunsterforce HQ on August 24.
- 39th Brigade
- 9th (Service) Battalion, The Royal Warwickshire Regiment
- 7th (Service) Battalion, The Gloucestershire Regiment
- 9th (Service) Battalion, The Worcestershire Regiment
- 7th (Service) Battalion, The North Staffordshire Regiment
- 39th Machine Gun Company, Machine Gun Corps (MGC)
- 39th Supply & Transport Column, Army Service Corps (ASC)
- 39th Trench Mortar Battery
Soviet account[]
Soviet archivist Vasili Mitrokhin claimed that Dunsterforce's objective was, under the guise of defending British India, to secure a foothold in the Caucasus. The force would then co-operate with counter-revolutionary forces to overthrow the Baku Soviet and seize control of the whole of the oil-rich Caucasus, the Caspian Sea, and all surrounding regions. Mitrokhin claimed that Gen. Dunsterville had "forty Ford vans loaded with gold and silver" to pay for the operation.
Notes[]
See also[]
Further reading[]
- Major M. H. Donohoe, With the Persian Expedition (1919? Reprinted by The Naval & Military Press)
- Major-General L. C. Dunsterville C.B., The Adventures of Dunsterforce (London, 1920)
- Paul Easton, 'Tough little Kiwi fought to the death,' The Dominion Post (Wellington), 17 April 2010, p.A5
- Joyce Marlow, Billy Goes to War – illustrated, fictionalised account of the Dunsterforce expedition based on a real soldier's diary and photographs (London: Ronald Whiting & Wheaton, 1967)
- Official History of the New Zealand Rifle Brigade
- Bryan Perrett and Anthony Lord, The Czar's British Squadron (London: William Kimber, 1981)
- Australians In Mesopotamia
- AJ Plotke, Imperial Spies Invade Russia (1992: Greenwood Press)
External links[]
- The Adventures of Dunsterforce by L.C. Dunsterville
- article on Dunsterforce's top ranking Canadian officer, Lt. Col. John Weightman Warden
The original article can be found at Dunsterforce and the edit history here.