Dong Yi (died 204 BC) was a military general of the Qin Dynasty. He surrendered to Xiang Yu after the Battle of Julu in 207 BC. In 206 BC, following the collapse of the Qin Dynasty, he was conferred the title of "King of Di" (翟王) by Xiang and given part of the lands in Guanzhong as his fief when the latter split the former Qin Empire into the Eighteen Kingdoms.
Biography[]
Dong Yi was a descendant of Dong Hu (董狐), a high ranking minister in the Jin state during the Spring and Autumn Period.
In 209 BC, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang started the Daze Village Uprising to overthrow the Qin Dynasty. The Qin emperor, Qin Er Shi, placed Zhang Han in command of the imperial army, with Sima Xin and Dong Yi serving as his deputies, to quell the rebels.
In 207 BC, Zhang Han attacked the insurgent Zhao kingdom and besieged Zhao forces at Julu. Xiang Yu of the Chu kingdom came to Zhao's aid and defeated the Qin army at the Battle of Julu, despite having a smaller force. Zhang Han sent Sima Xin to the capital Xianyang to request for reinforcements. Sima Xin later reported to Zhang Han that reinforcements would not be arriving, and that the state power of Qin had fallen into the hands of the eunuch Zhao Gao. Zhang Han was aware that even if he defeated the rebels, Zhao Gao would later frame him for treason and have him executed, hence he decided to surrender to Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu accepted the surrender.
After the fall of the Qin Dynasty in 206 BC, Xiang Yu divided the former Qin Empire into the Eighteen Kingdoms and granted the land of Guanzhong (heartland of Qin) to the three surrendered Qin generals (the three fiefs were collectively known as the Three Qins). Dong Yi was given part of Guanzhong as his fief and received the title of "King of Di" (翟王). Later that year, Liu Bang (King of Han) attacked the Three Qins and defeated Zhang Han. Sima Xin and Dong Yi surrendered to Liu Bang.
In 205 BC, during the Chu–Han Contention, Liu Bang was defeated by Xiang Yu at the Battle of Pengcheng, and Sima Xin and Dong Yi defected to Xiang's side. The following year, Liu Bang attacked Xiang Yu at the Battle of Chenggao. Liu Bang lured Cao Jiu (曹咎), the defending general, to pursue and attack him. The Chu army fell into an ambush at the Si River and was defeated by Liu Bang's forces. Cao Jiu, Dong Yi and Sima Xin committed suicide.
References[]
- Sima Qian. Records of the Grand Historian, volumes 7, 8.
- Ban Gu et al. Book of Han, volumes 1, 31.
The original article can be found at Dong Yi (Qin dynasty) and the edit history here.