Delta III-class submarine | |
---|---|
A Delta III class submarine | |
Class overview | |
Name: | Delta III class submarine |
Builders: | Severodvinsk |
Operators: | Soviet Union, Russia |
Preceded by: | Delta II class submarine |
Succeeded by: | Delta IV & Typhoon class submarines |
Subclasses: | Project 09786 special purpose submarine |
Completed: | 14 |
Active: | 5 |
General characteristics [1][2] | |
Displacement: |
|
Length: | 155 m (509 ft) |
Beam: | 11.7 m (38 ft) |
Draught: | 8.7 m (29 ft) |
Depth: |
|
Propulsion: | reactor system OK-700A (two VM-4S (2*90 MW) PWR) powering two steam turbines delivering 44,700 kW (60,000 shp) to two five bladed fixed pitched shrouded propellers |
Speed: |
|
Range: | Unlimited, except by food supplies |
Crew: | 40 officers, 90 enlisted |
Armament: |
16 torpedoes (SET-65, SAET-60M, 53-65K, 53-65M) |
The 667BDR Kaľmar (Squid) Delta-III class submarine is a large ballistic missile submarine operated by the Russian Navy. Like other previous Delta class submarines, the Delta III is a double hulled design, with a thin low magnetic steel outer hull wrapped around a thicker inner pressure hull.
Design[]
The technical description and requirements for a new ballistic missile submarine were published in 1972. Development of Project 667BDR was begun at the Rubin Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineering[3] under the direction of main designer Sergeiy Nikiticz Kovalev (Сергей Никитич Ковалёв). The submarine was to be a successor to the project 667BD. The Delta III subs are significantly quieter and have a higher missile section for new longer missiles.
The hull is divided into ten waterproof sections. The first, third, and tenth sections are emergency sections with escape hatches and transverse struts added to increase pressure resistance. A new modular freon firefighting system was installed. A solarium and gymnasium were to be installed to improve living conditions.
The main propulsion system, OK-700A, consists of two pressurized water reactor VM-4S (2*90 MW) with two steam turbines giving 60,000 shp to two five-bladed, fixed-pitch shrouded propellers with improved hydro-acoustic characteristics. Two back-up TG-3000 turbogenerators were also installed. Average period between refuelling and overhaul is about 10 years.
The Delta III class are fitted with a new sonar system, the MGK-400 Rubikon (in submarine K-424, the older MGK-100 Kerch was installed), developed under the leadership of main designer S.M. Shelechov. The Rubikon can operate in infrasound frequencies, and contains automated systems for target classification. Its maximum range in ideal hydrologic conditions is about 200 km. The Delta III is equipped with a new battle management system, the Almaz-BDR (or MVU-JZBDR) torpedo fire control. For improved stealthiness, a new inertial navigation system, Tobol-M-1 (on newer ships Tobol-M-2), with higher accuracy, was installed. Tobol-M works with data from two observatories which are saved for two days, and also contains a hydro-acoustic navigational station (Shmeľ or "Bumblebee"), which allows the submarine to determine its position from hydro-acoustic buoys. The Delta III includes the Molnija-M communications system, with satellite capabilities provided by the Tsunami subsystem.
In February 1973, State Rocket Center Makayev began development of a new two-stage liquid-fueled ballistic missile R-29R (3M40, RSM-50, SS-N-18). Improvements in the R-29R over the original R-29 include MIRVed capability and upgraded inertial navigation system with satellite-assisted navigation, giving the new missile greater accuracy (~900 m), increasing its damage potential against all types of military targets whether "soft" or "hard." Fire control for the R-29R is achieved through the D-9R ballistic missile system, which contains sixteen SLBM tubes, just like the preceding Project 667BD. Delta III most often carried 16 of the R-29R (height: 16.635 m; diameter: 1.8 m; starting weight: 36.3 tons) missiles each carrying 3 MIRVs (0.2 мт each) with a range of about 6,500 km. They also can carry R-29RK with 7 (0.1 мт) MIRVs and range of about 6,500 km or R-29RL with single (0.45 мт) warhead and range of about 9,000 km. Coupled with the R-29R's capabilities and the performance of the D-9R, the Russian navy possesses, for the first time, the ability to launch any number of its missiles in a single salvo with shorter launch intervals.
The submarines have four 533mm bow torpedo tubes and carry sixteen torpedoes of types SET-65, SAET-60M, 53-65K, 53-65M, or any combination thereof.
History[]
The first ship of the class, K-424, was laid down on 30 January 1974 in Severnoye Mashinostroitelnoye Predpriyatie (Sevmash), Severodvinsk, as the last ship of the Delta II class. During construction the new D-9R missile system was integrated into the Delta II hull without any changes in other equipment. The ship was launched on 11 February 1976 and passed sea trials in November 1976. Then tests of the new missile system were started in the White and Barents seas; 22 missiles were launched (4 x R-29PL, 6 x R-29R, 12 x R-29RK) and the missile system was commissioned in September 1978.
Most submarines served in the Pacific fleet at Rybachiy submarine base near Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Seven under-ice Arctic voyages and two along the Southern territories were completed to 1980. Under-ice voyages were very difficult. In some places the depth of the sea is less than 50 metres and the thickness of ice about 15 metres. That gives only a few metres around the submarine. Such a voyage can be performed only by manual steering, which imposes a great burden on the crew and commander.
Two submarines served in the Northern fleet at the Gazhiyevo submarine base and three at the Olenya submarine base. From the 1990s all the Northern fleet subs were at Gazhiyevo.
All Delta III submarines passed general overhaul refuelling and upgrade in Zvezdochka shipyard, Severodvinsk, or in Zvezda shipyard, Bolshoy Kamen, since 1991, when the Soviet Union collapsed. An upgraded missile system, D-9R, with lightly modified R-29R missiles, was delivered from 1987 to 1990. On some ships the sonar station Avrora-1 was installed.
Most of the ships were decommissioned from 1995, when their next overhaul became due. Only the newest submarine, K-44 Ryazan, had a second general overhaul and refuelling during 2005–2007, which gives it a potential service life to 2017.
In 1994–2002 the submarine K-129 was rebuilt in Zvezdochka shipyard to be a special purpose submarine of Project 09786 (carrier of mini submarine) and renamed as BS-136 Orenburg.
On September 30, 2008, a Russian Navy spokesman reported that Ryazan had successfully completed a 30-day transit from a base in northern Russia under the Arctic ice cap to the Rybachiy submarine base, Kamchatka Peninsula. The Navy added that Ryazan would soon be assigned to regularly patrol the Pacific Ocean.[4] As of July 2014[update], six Delta III boats were active, of which two were believed to be in the process of decommissioning.[5]
Sections of pressure hull[]
- forward torpedo section
- battery and forward habitable section
- command and control section
- forward missile section
- rear missile section
- auxiliary mechanism and rear habitable section
- nuclear reactor section
- forward turbine section
- rear turbine section
- stern section
Ships[]
# | Shipyard | Name | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Fleet | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K-424 | SEVMASH, Severodvinsk | NA | 30 January 1974 | 11 February 1976 | 30 December 1976 | Northern | Decommissioned 28 March 1995 for scrapping[6] |
K-441 | SEVMASH, Severodvinsk | NA | 7 May 1974 | 25 May 1976 | 31 October 1976 | Pacific | Decommissioned 28 March 1995 for scrapping[6] |
K-449 | SEVMASH, Severodvinsk | NA | 19 July 1974 | 29 July 1976 | 5 February 1977 | Pacific | in reserve from 1996,[6] decommissioned in 2001, scrapped 2008 |
K-455 | SEVMASH, Severodvinsk | NA | 16 October 1974 | 16 August 1976 | 30 December 1976 | Pacific | in reserve from 1998–99,[6] probably decommissioned |
K-490 | SEVMASH, Severodvinsk | NA | 6 March 1975 | 27 January 1977 | 30 September 1977 | Pacific | in reserve from 1998–99,[6] probably decommissioned |
K-487 | SEVMASH, Severodvinsk | NA | 9 June 1975 | 4 April 1977 | 27 December 1977 | Northern | in reserve from 1998–99,[6] probably decommissioned |
K-496 | SEVMASH, Severodvinsk | Borisoglebsk | 23 September 1975 | 13 August 1977 | 30 December 1977 | Northern[6] | decommissioned on 9 December 2008[7] fuel discharged.[8] |
K-506 | SEVMASH, Severodvinsk | Zelenograd | 29 December 1975 | 26 January 1978 | 30 November 1978 | Pacific | Removed from service in 2010, Decommissioned in June 2010 |
K-211 | SEVMASH, Severodvinsk | Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy | 19 August 1976 | 13 January 1979 | 28 September 1979 | Pacific | Removed from active service in Dec 2010,in reserve 2012 [9] |
K-223 | SEVMASH, Severodvinsk | Podolsk | 19 February 1977 | 30 April 1979 | 27 November 1979 | Pacific | Active 2012 [10] |
K-180 | SEVMASH, Severodvinsk | NA | 27 December 1977 | 8 January 1980 | 25 September 1980 | Pacific[6] | In reserve from 2004, Scrapped in 2008 [11] |
K-433 | SEVMASH, Severodvinsk | Svyatoy Georgiy Pobedonosets | 24 August 1978 | 20 June 1980 | 15 December 1980 | Pacific | Active 2012,[12] Successfully tested ballistic missile in Oct 2010.[13] |
BS-136 (ex K-129) | SEVMASH, Severodvinsk | Orenburg | 9 April 1979 | 15 April 1981 | 5 November 1981 | Northern | 1994–2002 – conversion to special purpose submarine Project 09786 (carrier of minisumbarine). Active as 2008 [14] |
K-44 | SEVMASH, Severodvinsk | Ryazan | 31 January 1980 | 19 January 1982 | 17 September 1982[15] | Pacific | Overhauled in 2007 Active 2012 [16] |
References[]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Delta-III class submarines. |
- ↑ http://flot.com/publications/books/shelf/oceanshield/3.htm
- ↑ http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nbrs/667BDR/list.htm
- ↑ http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=8876
- ↑ McClatchy-Tribune, "Russian Sub Ends 30-Day Voyage Under The Arctic", Houston Chronicle, October 1, 2008, p. 9.
- ↑ Podvig, Pavel (2008-11-28). "Russian strategic nuclear forces". Center for Arms Control Studies. http://russianforces.org/navy/.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 Korabli VMF SSSR, Vol. 1, Part 1, Yu. Apalkov, Sankt Peterburg, 2002, ISBN 5-8172-0069-4
- ↑ Bellona.ru
- ↑ Rusnavy.com
- ↑ http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nbrs/667BDR/K-211/K-211.htm
- ↑ http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nbrs/667BDR/K-223/K-223.htm
- ↑ http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nbrs/667BDR/K-180/K-180.htm
- ↑ http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nbrs/667BDR/K-433/K-433.htm
- ↑ Russia carries out successful tests of two SLBMs, RIAN, 2010-10-28
- ↑ http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nbrs/667BDR/K-129/K-129.htm
- ↑ http://rusnavy.com/news/newsofday/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=5775
- ↑ http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nbrs/667BDR/K-44/K-44.htm
The original article can be found at Delta III-class submarine and the edit history here.