Commissione Italiana d'Armistizio con la Francia

During World War II, the Commissione Italiana d'Armistizio con la Francia ("Italian Armistice Commission with France") or CIAF was a temporary civil and military body charged with implementing the Franco-Italian armistice of 24 June 1940 and harmonising it with the Franco-German armistice of 22 June. It had broad authority over the military, economic, diplomatic and financial relations between France and Italy until the Italo-German occupation of France (Operation ANTON) on 11 November 1942. Thereafter its powers were gradually transferred to the Fourth Army under General Mario Vercellino and in occupation of southern France. The headquarters of the CIAF was in Turin and it was subordinate to the Comando Supremo (Italian supreme command). It liaised with the German Armistice Commission (Waffenstillstandskommission, WAKO) in Wiesbaden.

Structurally, the CIAF had a presidency (presidenza) and four subcommissions (sottocommissioni) for the Army, Navy, Air Force and "General Affairs" (Affari generali). The first representative of the army was General Carlo Vecchiarelli, of the navy Admiral Ildebrando Goiran and of the air force General Aldo Pellegrini. The French were represented at Turin by four subdelegations corresponding to the subcommissions. The Italians also established a presence in France's colonies. A General Delegation (Delegazione generale) was sent to Algiers and a Mixed Delegation (Delegazione mista) to Djibouti. These contained a variety of subcommissions and control sections. A Mixed Delegation was also sent to Corsica, where it was sidelined after the Italian occupation of Corsica in November 1942, when a Political and General Affairs Office (Ufficio Politico e Affari Vari) was established there under the Fourth Army.

General Affairs was concerned mainly with protecting Italian emigrants in France. On 4 February 1941, it began establishing Delegazioni Civili Rimpatrio e Assistenza (Civil Assistance and Repatriation Delegations) or DRAs in French cities. These were originally staffed by consular official acting as reserve officers, but on 15 January 1943 they were converted into consular offices subordinate to the liaison office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the headquarters of the Fourth Army. On 15 April, the General Affairs subcommission was suppressed. It had been instrumental in repatriating 70,000 Italians between October 1940 and April 1943.

On 5 November 1940, a subcommission for Administration of Occupied Territories (Amministrazione dei Territori Occupati) was set up. It appointed civil commissioners in the occupied communities of Bessans, Bramans, Fontan, Isola, Lanslebourg, Menton, Montgenèvre, Ristolas and Séez; they remained active down to the Italian armistice with the Allies (8 September 1943). Later, another subcommission for Armaments (Armamenti) supervised French weapons factories between the Italian border and the Rhône, and placed some under joint control of French companies and the Italian war production office (Fabbriguerra).

On 19 February 1942, a permanent Italo-French Economic Commission (Commissione economica italo-francese) was set up in Rome, where it held monthly meetings. The head of the Italian delegation was Amedeo Giannini and of the French Alexandre Sanguinetti. It was distinct from the Subcommission for Economic and Financial Affairs (Sottocommissione Affari Economici e Finanziari, SCAEF) under Tomasso Lazzari in Turin. SCAEF was in charge of the spoils of war, policing the alpine border, Italian rights in French colonial harbours, maritime traffic and Italian property in France. Another subcommission was set up in Turin to foster trade between Italy and German-occupied France. Another body was working at the Italian embassy in Paris to the same end. Teodoro Pigozzi of FIAT had been appointed commissario commerciale by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Currency Exchange. These various bodies did not coordinate their work effectively.

The work of the CIAF was further complicated by the re-opening of the Italian embassy in Paris on 4 February 1941 and the appointment of an ambassador, Gino Buti, on 20 February 1942. Although Buti's instructions required him not deal with issues covered by the armistice, the French took advantage of his presence to bypass the CIAF. After occupation of unoccupied France in November 1942, the CIAF retained control only of the original occupied territory (demarcated by the "green line", linea verde). By early December 1942, the CIAF was moribund and the leader of the French delegation, Admiral Émile-André Duplat, asked President Arturo Vacca-Maggiolini whether it in fact still existed. Both Italy and Germany resolved to maintain their armistice commissions for legal purposes, although they would not be subordinated to the requirements of the occupying forces. Vacca-Maggiolini was forced to justify his role to General Vercellino on 31 December 1942, and it was not until 10 March 1943 that the CIAF's residual role was clarified by Chief of the General Staff Vittorio Ambrosio, who on 20 March abolished the separate subcommissions of the service branches.

Executive officers

Presidents

• General Pietro Pintor (27 June 1940 – 7 December 1940), died in office
• General Camillo Grossi (8 December 1940 – 16 June 1941), died in office
• General Arturo Vacca-Maggiolini (18 June 1941 – 8 September 1943)

Secretaries general

• General Fernando Gelich (20 August 1940 – 20 December 1942)
• Colonel Evaristo Fioravanti (20 December 1942 – 8 September 1943)

Sources

• Costa Bona, Enrica (1995). "Dalla guerra alla pace: Italia–Francia, 1940–1947". Milan: FrancoAngeli. pp. 58–65. 
• Rainero, Romain H. (2013). "Une résistance silencieuse: la Délégation française auprès de la Commission italienne d'armistice avec la France (Turin, 27 juin 1940 – 8 septembre 1943)". pp. 115–41. 
• Rodogno, Davide (2006). Fascism's European Empire: Italian Occupation During the Second World War. Cambridge University Press.