Xhanti Charles Sebe |
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Lt. General Xhanti Charles Sebe[1] was leader of the Ciskei Defence Force- the military of the Bantustan of Ciskei, and its Director of State Security. A former Security Branch policeman, he later joined the South African Bureau of State Security (B.O.S.S.) before founding the Ciskei state security apparatus.[2]
Described as having created a police state in Ciskei,[3][4] and being perceived as its de facto ruler,[5] he is the young brother of Lennox Sebe. He was subsequently arrested by his brother's government, and sentenced to prison by the Ciskei government for incitement,[6][7] but was rescued from jail by white mercenaries,[8] and escaped to the nearby Bantustan of Transkei, where he began an organisation that aimed to overthrow his brother's government.[9]
Charles Sebe was lured back to Ciskei in an operation orchestrated by South African security forces[10][11] in 1991, during the rule of Oupa Gqozo, and, having been wounded in an ambush which killed an associate, was the subject of a manhunt, and he was subsequently was shot to death in cold blood[12] by the Ciskei Security forces.[4][11][13][14] Gqozo was tried in 1993 for the murder, by the Ciskei Supreme Court, and, together with his co-accused, Sergeant-Major Thozamile Veliti, Gqozo was acquitted.[15]
The killing of Sebe was later investigated by South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission.[10]
References[]
- ↑ "Lt. Gen. Charles Xhanti Sebe: A few Famous Quotes". http://www.museum.za.net/index.php/imvubu-newsletter/105-lt-gen-charles-xhanti-sebe-a-few-famous-quotes.
- ↑ "Truth Commission - Special Report - TRC Final Report - Volume 2, Section 1, Chapter". http://sabctrc.saha.org.za/reports/volume2/chapter5/subsection20.htm.
- ↑ Lelyveld, Joseph (25 September 1983). "MISERY IN A SOUTH AFRICAN 'HOMELAND'". https://www.nytimes.com/1983/09/25/magazine/misery-in-a-south-african-homeland.html.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "South Africa: Ciskei: Ten Years on Human Rights and the Fiction of "Independence" (Human Rights Watch Report, December 20, 1991)". https://www.hrw.org/reports/1991/southafrica3/.
- ↑ "Truth Commission - Special Report - TRC Final Report - Volume 2, Section 1, Chapter". http://sabctrc.saha.org.za/reports/volume2/chapter5/subsection17.htm?t=+sebe++charles&tab=report.
- ↑ sahoboss (16 March 2011). "Former commander of the armed forces of the Ciskei, Major-General Charles Sebe is imprisoned". http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/former-commander-armed-forces-ciskei-major-general-charles-sebe-imprisoned.
- ↑ http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/decisions/1997/970414_thoba.htm
- ↑ Times, Alan Cowell and Special To the New York (20 October 1986). "PRETORIA PUZZLE: 'HOMELANDS' AT ODDS". https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/20/world/pretoria-puzzle-homelands-at-odds.html.
- ↑ "SAPA - 29 Jul 96 - FORMER CISKEI RULER'S SON WAS MOST FEARED IN". http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media%5C1996%5C9607/s960729c.htm.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Truth Commission - Special Report - TRC Final Report - Volume 3, Section 1, Chapter". http://sabctrc.saha.org.za/reports/volume3/chapter2/subsection29.htm?t=+sebe++charles&tab=report.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Pretoria's 'Divide and Rule' Strategy in Ciskei". 9 September 1992. https://www.csmonitor.com/1992/0909/09061.html.
- ↑ Maclennan, Ben (7 April 2004). "Oupa Gqozo: An 'officer and a gentleman'". https://mg.co.za/article/2004-04-07-oupa-gqozo-an-officer-and-a-gentleman.
- ↑ http://letras.comp.filos.unam.mx/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ColinWhite_TheRuleOfBrigadierOupaGqozoInCiskei.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ↑ "South Africa: Second alleged Ciskei coup plotter killed". https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/01/28/South-Africa-Second-alleged-Ciskei-coup-plotter-killed/5520665038800/.
- ↑ "Today In History - YFM - Yona Ke Yona". http://yworld.co.za/yworld/tih/today_in_history?search-day=9&search-year=15&search-month=11.
The original article can be found at Charles Sebe and the edit history here.