Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha or Hasan Pasha of Algiers (1713–1790) was an Ottoman captain, Grand Admiral (1770-1790), Grand Vizier (1790), and general of the late 18th century.
He is known to have been bought as a Georgian[1] slave in eastern Turkey by a Turkish merchant of Tekirdağ, who raised him in that city considering him on a par with his own sons.
He rose through the ranks of the Ottoman military hierarchy and was for a time with the Barbary Coast pirates based in Algiers (whence his name Cezayirli, meaning "from Algiers" in Turkish). He was a fleet commander during the Battle of Chesma aboard the Real Mustafa and was able to extract the forces under his command from the general disaster for the Turkish navy that occurred there. He arrived at the Ottoman capital with the bad news, but was highly praised for his own accomplishment and promoted, first to chief of staff and later to grand vizier. He dislodged the Russian fleet which had established a base on the Aegean island of Limni.
Anecdotal evidence indicates that, immediately after the defeat at Chesma, he and his men were lodged by a local priest in Ayvalık who did not know who they were. Hasan Pasha did not forget the kindness shown at that hour of crisis and later accorded virtual autonomy to the Greek-dominated town of Ayvalık, paving the way for its becoming an important cultural center for that community in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century.
The defeat also prompted Hasan Pasha to establish the Naval Engineering Golden Horn Shipyard (later Turkish Naval Academy) in 1773.
In 1786, Hasan Pasha was ordered by the sultan Abdülhamid I to take troops to Egypt and drive out the Mamluk emirs led by Ibrahim Bey (Mamluk) and Murad Bey, who had become de facto rulers of the province.[2][3] He arrived in Egypt in early August 1786 and was successful in this campaign (although the Mamluk emirs would regain power after his death) and remained the de facto Ottoman governor of Egypt for around a year. His long-time kethüda (assistant/deputy) Ismail Pasha the Tripolitanian remained in Egypt and was soon appointed the Ottoman governor of Egypt himself (1788–89, 1789–91).[4]
In the Russo-Turkish War of 1787-1792, Hasan Pasha (then 85) commanded the Turkish troops in the beginning campaigns, taking part in the Action of 17 June 1788, the Battle of Fidonisi, and the Siege of Ochakov.
He died in March, 1790, from illness or perhaps poisoned.
His statue today graces the resort town of Çeşme, along with the lion that domesticated while in Africa and took along with him everywhere.
References[]
- ↑ King, Charles (2004), The Black Sea: a History, p.159. Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-924161-9.
- ↑ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 181. http://books.google.com/books?id=Nw9hcgAACAAJ.
- ↑ Mehmet Süreyya (1996). "Sicill-i Osmanî". In Nuri Akbayar; Seyit A. Kahraman (in Turkish). Beşiktaş, Istanbul: Türkiye Kültür Bakanlığı and Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı. p. 829. http://books.google.com/books?id=btElAQAAMAAJ.
- ↑ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. pp. 286–289. http://books.google.com/books?id=Nw9hcgAACAAJ.
Sources[]
- Nuttall Encyclopedia: [1]
- World Statesman: Turkey – Grand Viziers
- J.H. Mordtmann, in E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, Volume 2, p 1039 [2]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed (1907). "article name needed". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne.
The original article can be found at Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha and the edit history here.