Canadian Army Trophy

The Canadian Army Trophy (CAT) was a tank gunnery competition established to foster excellence, camaraderie and competition among the armoured forces of the NATO countries in Western Europe.

The trophy itself is a miniature sterling silver replica of a Canadian Army Centurion tank.

Origins[]

The Canadian Army Trophy (CAT) competition started in 1963 when the Canadian government donated a silver replica of a Centurion tank to the country that obtained the highest score during a tank gunnery that was hosted by the Canadian Army 4th Mechanized Brigade forward deployed in West Germany. This tank replica later became known as the Canadian Army Trophy for NATO Tank Gunnery. The competition was established to foster excellence, camaraderie and competition among the armor forces of the NATO countries in Western Europe. The winner of the Canadian Army Trophy, which remains the property of Canada, retains it until the next competition and is responsible for its safe custody. The competition was held annually through 1968; and in 1970 it was decided that it would be held every two years at Bergen-Hohne, West Germany beginning with a competition in 1973; later the competition would also be held at Grafenwöhr. Each member country was invited to field a 'team' (a tank company of four platoons of 3 AFVs) to represent their respective Armies. Nations represented included Canada, Belgium, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, West Germany and the United States. Since 1963 the competition format has undergone numerous changes. Originally, single tanks fired from fixed points at known ranges. Following the 1968 and again after the 1975 competitions, the rules and procedures of the competition were changed to more accurately reflect combat conditions. The 1970, 1973 and 1975 competitions incorporated tank sections, consisting of two tanks; while beginning in the 1977 competition, 3-tank platoons (or strong sections for 5-tank platoons) are now required to fire and move over a course, termed a "battle run," designed to test their gunnery skills under more realistic conditions. Each battle run consists of firing from stationary positions and while on the move, at both stationary and moving targets. 4-Tank platoons were incorporated beginning with the 1981 competition. The trophy and awards were given to the best scoring team.

After the 1981 competition, additional changes were made to provide better means of achieving the aims of the CAT competition and to reflect the intended nature of the event, namely, a competition among the land forces of the Central Region. Accordingly, the 1983 CAT competition format organized units from the six participating nations (Belgium, Canada, Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom, and the United States) in teams corresponding to their army group assignments within the Central Region. Units were therefore either members of the Northern Army Group (NORTHAG) or Central Army Group (CENTAG). The Canadian Army Trophy is now presented to the winning Army Group and awards were given to the three best scoring platoons of each Army Group. The winner of the Canadian Army Trophy, which remains the property of Canada, retains it until the next competition and is responsible for its safe custody.

NORTHAG consisted of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR)'s British I Corps, American 2nd Armored Division (Forward), German I Corps, Netherlands' I Corps, and Belgian I Corps. CENTAG consisted of the German II and III Corps, the American V and VII Corps, and the Canadian 4th Brigade.

The responsibility of organizing and hosting the competition rotated between the different participating nations. In 1981 the responsibility shifted to the two Army Groups, Central Army Group (CENTAG) or Northern Army Group (NORTHAG). When CENTAG hosted the competition, it was held in Grafenwöhr; likewise when NORTHAG hosted, it was in Bergen-Hohne.

The failures of a nation's entrant to place well at the CAT have had considerable defence industry impact. The showing of the UK's Royal Hussars at the 1987 competition was the subject of a front page story in London's Sunday Telegraph, June 21, 1987, titled "NATO Allies Outgun Britain's New Battle Tanks".

WINNERS[]

Year	Team/Squadron/Company	Nation	Tank	Best Platoon or Section	Nation	Tank
1963	4e Lanciers	BEL	M-47 Patton	-	-	-
1964	4e Lanciers	BEL	M-47 Patton	4e Lanciers	BEL	M-47 Patton
1965	Royal Scots Greys	UK	Centurion Mk.5	Royal Scots Greys	UK	Centurion Mk.5
1966	13th/18th Royal Hussars (QMO)	UK	Centurion	13th/18th Royal Hussars (QMO)	UK	Centurion
1967	B Squadron, Lord Strathcona's Horse (RC)	CAN	Centurion	B Squadron, Lord Strathcona's Horse (RC)	CAN	Centurion
1968	1er Lanciers	BEL	M-47 Patton	1er Lanciers	BEL	M-47 Patton
1970	16th/5th The Queen's Royal Lancers	UK	Chieftan Mk.3	16th/5th The Queen's Royal Lancers	UK	Chieftan Mk.3
1973	3. Kompanie, Panzerbataillon 83	FRG	Leopard I	Queen's Royal Irish Hussars	UK	Chieftan
1975	3. Kompanie, Panzerbataillon 84	FRG	Leopard I A1	3. Kompanie, Panzerbataillon 84	FRG	Leopard I A1
1977	Royal Canadian Dragoons	CAN	Leopard I A2	B Squadron, 11 Tankbataljon	NLD	Leopard I
1979	2. Kompanie, Panzerbataillon 284	FRG	Leopard I A4	2. Kompanie, Panzerbataillon 284	FRG	Leopard I A4
1981	4. Kompanie, Panzerbataillon 294	FRG	Leopard I A4	4. Kompanie, Panzerbataillon 294	FRG	Leopard I A4
1983	CENTAG (West Germany)	FRG	Leopard I A4	1. Zug, 2. Kompanie, Panzerbataillon 293	FRG	Leopard I A4
1985	NORTHAG (Netherlands)	NLD	Leopard 2	2. Kompanie, Panzerbataillon 244	FRG	Leopard 2 A1
1987	CENTAG (United States)	USA	M1 Abrams IP	1 Platoon, D Company, 4/8th Cavalry	USA	M1 Abrams IP
1989	NORTHAG (Netherlands)	NLD	Leopard 2 A4	4 Platoon, A Eskadron, 41 Tankbataljon	NLD	Leopard 2 A4
1991	NORTHAG (Germany)	GER	Leopard 2 A4	3. Zug, 4. Kompanie, Panzerbataillon 84	GER	Leopard 2 A4

CAT '77[]

The 1977 competition was the first time an American team had participated, C Company 2-81 Armor; but came in last place.

CAT '79[]

The 1979 competition was held at Range 9, Bergen Hohne. The US built Range 10 at Grafenwöhr for the CAT competition training, it was used later for the actual 1981 competition. There were 20 platoons competing from Belgium, Canada, the United Kingdom, West Germany and the United States. The Netherlands team did not compete due to a contractual issue with their military union. This was the first year that the USA team finished other than last place (4th place) - M Company, 3rd Squadron 2nd ACR - an especially noteworthy effort by Lieutenants (later Captain) David Andersson, William Ewing, Howard Krause, and Randy Socha, - the M60A3 TTS MBT being used by the USA. The first time the vehicle was used in competition. Additionally, M Co. 3/2 ACR was the first unit in Germany to receive this version, specifically because it had been chosen to compete in CAT '79.

CAT '81[]

The 1981 competition was held on Range 10 at Grafenwöhr. There were 24 platoons competing from Belgium, Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, West Germany and the United States. The M60A3 used by the USA entry was the final development of the M60A3 until the 2001 IFCS modification produced by Raytheon and sold to Jordan.

CAT '83[]

Held on Range 9 at Bergen-Hohne, teams competed corresponding to their army group assignments within the Central Region, from Northern Army Group (NORTHAG) or Central Army Group (CENTAG). NORTHAG consisted of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR)'s British I Corps, American III Corps Forward, German I Corps, Netherlands' I Corps, and Belgian I Corps. CENTAG consisted of the German II and III Corps, the American V and VII Corps, and the Canadian 4th Brigade. This was the first year that the M1 Abrams participated in the competition, utilized by Charlie Company, 3/64 Armor Battalion, 3rd Infantry Division. The other two US tank companies were utilizing the M60 Patton tank. With the M1, Charlie Company's three platoons scored in second, third and eighth place. 1st Platoon Charlie Company was in second place with 19,294 points behind West Germany's 1st Platoon 2nd Company, 293rd Panzer Battalion. The West German Platoon won with the highest score of 21,153 points out of a maximum of 28,100 with their Leopard 1 tank. Charlie Company's Second Platoon got eighth place with 19,116 points and Third Platoon got third place with 18,068 points.

Many individuals involved with Charlie Company for CAT '83 extended their tour of duty of Germany to participate in CAT '85 with Alpha Company, 3/64 Armor.

C Co 2/66 Armor surprised the competition by placing with its old M60A1 tanks, which used optical rangefinder technology from the World War II era. This showed the value of local course knowledge over pure technology.

CAT '85[]

The M1IP Abrams made its debut in the 1985 competition held on Range 9 at Bergen-Hohne, which contained small upgrades to the M1 Abrams that was previously used for the first time in the 1983 competition. This was the first direct competition of the German Leopard II and the US M1 Abrams. For the first time an American platoon, 1st Platoon of A Company 3-64 Armor, had scored 2nd overall in the competition and the United States' teams ranked third for the entire competition. B Company 3-32 Armor, of the 3rd Armored Division, used the M-60A3; the oldest generation of tanks during the competition.

C / 2-66 Armor competed with its new M1 tanks, but severe weather storms at the moment of their runs hampered visibility and cost them to underperform

CAT '87[]

In the 1987 competition held on Range 301 center lane at Grafenwöhr, there were a total of 24 platoons competing (12 from NORTHAG and 12 from CENTAG). There were significant rules and conditions changes made that governed the preparation and conduct of the competition, each Army Group would designate a minimum of one company from two different battalions; each separate brigade designates a minimum of two companies per country's Corps. The random selection of the tank companies to compete would be made by AFCENT (Allied Forces Central Europe) no later than 1 April 1987. NORTHAG fielded teams from Belgium, UK, the Netherlands, West Germany and the United States. CENTAG fielded teams from Canada, West Germany and the United States. The British (3-tank) tank platoons were presented 24 targets, while the other countries' 4-tank platoons were presented with 32 targets during the battle runs. Scoring was based on target hits, hit times, ammunition bonuses (only if all targets were hit), and hit bonuses (only if all targets were hit), machine gun hits, and penalties with a maximum platoon score of 22,600 points. The main gun targets were at ranges between 1,600-3,000 meters and would remain standing after being hit until presentation time, 40 seconds, had expired. No target would be presented twice, so the judges could actually count holes in the targets to verify target hits; "cookie bites" did not count as hits. This was the first year that United States won the CAT and had two platoons placing among the top three; 1st platoon D Company 4-8 Cavalry took top tank platoon honors and 1st Platoon A Company 3-64 Armor, scored third in the competition.

CAT '87 Teams[]

NORTHAG

GBR, Royal Hussars, B Squadron, 3rd Troop
DEU, PzBtl 324, 4th Company, 3rd Platoon
NLD, 43 TkBat, C Company, 1st Platoon
USA, 2-66 Armor, D Company, 1st Platoon
BEL, 4 Lanciers, A Company, 3rd Platoon
USA, 2-66 Armor, D Company, 2nd Platoon
NLD, 43 TkBat, C Company, 3rd Platoon
DEU, PzBtl 324, 4th Company, 1st Platoon
GBR, Royal Hussars, B Squadron, 1st Troop
USA, 2-66 Armor, D Company, 3rd Platoon
BEL, 4 Lanciers, A Company, 1st Platoon
GBR, Royal Hussars, B Squadron, 2nd Troop

CENTAG (awarded the trophy)

USA, 3-64 Armor, A Company, 2nd Platoon
USA, 4-8 Cav, D Company, 3rd Platoon
CAN, RC Dragoons, C Company, 1st Platoon
DEU, PzBtl 124, 4th Company, 2nd Platoon
DEU, PzBtl 363, 3rd Company, 1st Platoon
CAN, RC Dragoons, C Company, 2nd Platoon
USA, 3-64 Armor, A Company, 3rd Platoon
USA, 4-8 Cav, D Company, 2nd Platoon
DEU, PzBtl 363, 3rd Company, 2nd Platoon
DEU, PzBtl 124,4th Company, 1st Platoon Second Place
USA, 3-64 Armor, A Company, 1st Platoon, Third Place
USA, 4-8 Cav, D Company, 1st Platoon, First Place

CAT '89[]

The United Kingdom did not field a team during the 1989 competition held on Range 9 at Bergen-Hohne. It was the only time that night battle runs were incorporated into the competition.

CAT '91[]

The United States and United Kingdom did not field teams due to the Gulf War, and hence it was a competition solely between Leopard 1 and Leopard 2 tanks. This was to be the last competition as the Canadian 4th Mechanized Brigade left Germany in 1993, resulting in the end of the CAT competitions. The Trophy is now located at CFB (Canadian Forces Base) Gagetown in New Brunswick, Canada; home of the Canadian Armour School.

CANAM Cup[]

In 1997 the competition began again, but only between the United States and Canada as the CANAM Cup. The Canadians won in 1997, 2000, and 2002. The American teams won in 1999 and 2003.