| Brigantine | |
|---|---|
 Brigantine Exy Johnson | |
| Type | Sailing rig |
| Place of origin | Mediterranean |
In sailing, a brigantine or hermaphrodite brig is a vessel with two masts, only the forward of which is square rigged.
Origins of the term[]
Originally the brigantine was a small ship carrying both oars and sails. It was a favorite of Mediterranean pirates and its name comes from the Italian word brigantino, meaning brigand, and applied by extension to his ship. By the 17th century the term meant a two-masted ship.[1] In the late 17th century, the Royal Navy used the term brigantine to refer to small two-masted vessels designed to be rowed as well as sailed, rigged with square rigs on the foremast and fore-and-aft rigging on the mainmast.
The steamship Columbia, an example of a late 19th century auxiliary brigantine rig vessel.
By the first half of the 18th century the word had evolved to refer not to a ship type name, but rather to a particular type of rigging: square rigged on the foremast and fore-and-aft rigged on the mainmast.[Note 1] The word "brig" is an 18th-century shortening of the word brigantine, which came to mean a vessel square-rigged on both masts.[1] The early Oxford English Dictionary (with citations from 1720 to 1854) still defined brig as being either identical to a brigantine, or alternatively, a vessel of similar sail plan to a modern brig. By the middle of the 19th century modern meanings had more or less stabilised, although purists continue to debate the exact differences, or lack of them, between brig, brigantine, and hermaphrodite brig in both English and American usage.
Modern brigantine rig[]
A modern brigantine sail plan or "hermaphrodite brig"
A historic brigantine sail plan
In modern parlance, a brigantine is a principally fore-and-aft rig with a square rigged foremast, as opposed to a brig which is square rigged on both masts.[2] American usage sometimes uses hermaphrodite brig as a synonym for brigantine.[3]
See also[]
Notes[]
The dictionary definition of hermaphrodite brig at Wiktionary
- ↑ The 1780 Universal Dictionary of the Marine by William Falconer defines a brig or brigantine as a merchant-ship with two masts
References[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 T F Hoad, ed (1993). Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-19-283098-2.
- ↑ "Sailing ship rigs, an infosheet guide to classic sailing rigs". Maritime Museum of the Atlantic. http://museum.gov.ns.ca/mma/AtoZ/rigs.html. Retrieved 2011-01-15.
- ↑ Abranson, Erik (1976). Ships of the High Seas. Eurobook Limited. pp. 14–17.
The original article can be found at Brigantine and the edit history here.