Brigade combat team

Over 4,000 members of the 1st BCT, 34th Infantry Division in a special formation for a farewell ceremony.

The brigade combat team (BCT) is the basic deployable unit of maneuver in the U.S. Army.Brigade Combat Teams are assigned to Infantry,Airborne,Armored and Cavalry Divisions in the United States Army.Each Division in the United States Army has a Brigade Combat Team (BCT) assigned to it.Each Brigade Combat Team has a Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) and several Battalions:Three Infantry Battalions,One Cavalry (Reconnaissance) Battalion,One Field Artillery (Fires) Battalion,An Engineer Battalion and a Support Battalion,depending on the type of Brigade Combat Team these Battalions are assigned to.A brigade is normally commanded by a colonel (O-6) although in some cases a brigadier general (O-7) may assume command.A brigade combat team (BCT) contains combat support and combat service support units necessary to sustain its operations.A Brigade Combat Team (BCT) contains organic artillery training and support,received from the parent division artillery (DIVARTY).There are three types of brigade combat teams:infantry Brigade Combat Teams (IBCT),Stryker Brigade Combat Teams (SBCT),and armored Brigade Combat Teams (ABCT).

Currently, the U.S. Army is structured around the brigade combat team.In this program,divisions that previously had not deployed individual brigades due to lack of integral support have now been restructured.This includes The 1st Armored Division,25th Infantry Division,etc.They now have the ability to deploy one or more Brigade Combat Teams (BCTs) anywhere in the world.These Brigade Combat Teams (BCTs) are intended to be able to stand on their own,like a division in miniature.The soldiers assigned to a Brigade Combat Team (BCT) will stay at their assignment for three years.This is intended to bolster readiness and improve unit cohesion.

Infantry brigade combat team (IBCT)

Infantry brigade combat team table of organization

The infantry brigade combat team (IBCT),as of 2014,contains 4,413 soldiers.It is organized around battalions of infantry.Each type of brigade (infantry or airborne infantry) has the same basic organization.Each infantry brigade is capable of air assault operations.Also,most units typically maneuver in HMMWVs when they are deployed and operate as"motorized infantry”to facilitate speed of movement.The Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT) can conduct entry operations by ground,air,and amphibious means.

The infantry brigade combat team consists of seven battalions:Three Infantry Battalions,One Cavalry (Reconnaissance) Battalion,One Field Artillery (Fires) Battalion,one Engineer Battalion and One brigade support battalion.The Infantry Brigade Combat Team also has a Brigade Headquarters and Headquarters Company assigned to it.

Three Infantry battalions

Note:OCONUS (Hawaii,Alaska and Italy) based BCTs only have two infantry battalions.

• Headquarters and headquarters company (HHC)
• Rifle company (×3)
• Weapons company

One Cavalry (Reconnaissance) squadron

• Headquarters and headquarters troop (HHT)
• Mounted cavalry troop (×2)
• Dismounted cavalry troop

One Field artillery (fires) battalion

• Headquarters and headquarters battery (HHB)
  • Target acquisition platoon
• M119 105mm towed howitzer battery (×2)
• M777A2 155mm towed howitzer battery

One Brigade engineer battalion

• Headquarters and headquarters company (HHC)
• Combat engineer company (×2)
• Signal network support company
• Military intelligence company

One Brigade support battalion

• Headquarters and headquarters company (HHC)
• Distribution company
• Field maintenance company
• Medical company
  • Headquarters platoon
  • Treatment platoon
  • Medical evacuation platoon
• Forward support company (reconnaissance)
• Forward support company (engineer)
• Forward support company (infantry) (×3)
• Forward support company (Field Artillery)

Stryker brigade combat team (SBCT)

Stryker brigade combat team table of organization

The Stryker brigade combat team (SBCT) is a mechanized infantry force structured around the Stryker eight-wheeled variant of the General Dynamics LAV III.A full Stryker brigade was intended to be C-130 Hercules air transportable into theatre within 96 hours,while a division-sized force is expected to need 120 hours.The Stryker brigade is an organic combined arms unit of lightly-armored, medium-weight wheeled vehicles,and is organized differently from the infantry or armored brigade combat teams.The Stryker brigades are being used to implement network-centric warfare doctrines,and they are intended to fill a gap between the United States'highly mobile light infantry and its much heavier armored infantry.The Stryker Brigade Combat team also receives training in chemical, biological,radiological,and nuclear (CBRN) defense.

Each Stryker brigade combat team consists of three infantry battalions,one Cavalry (reconnaissance) Battalion,one fires (artillery) battalion,one brigade support battalion,one brigade headquarters and headquarters company,and one brigade engineer battalion.A Stryker brigade is made up of more than 300 Stryker vehicles and 4,500 soldiers.

Starting in 2015, the anti-tank company was reflagged from the brigade engineer battalion to the cavalry squadron, to form a weapons troop—also incorporating the mobile gun systems from the infantry battalions.

Three Infantry battalions

• Headquarters and headquarters company (HHC)
• Infantry company (Stryker) (×3)

One Cavalry (Reconnaissance) squadron

• Headquarters and headquarters troop (HHT)
• Cavalry troop (Stryker) (×3)
• Weapons troop-9×Anti Tank Guided Missile (ATGM),12×Mobile Gun Systems (MGS)

One Field artillery (fires) battalion

Mobile Gun System

• Headquarters and headquarters battery (HHB)
  • Target acquisition platoon
• M777A2 155mm towed howitzer battery (×3)

One Brigade support battalion

• Headquarters and headquarters company (HHC)
• Distribution company
• Field maintenance company
• Medical company
• Forward support company (reconnaissance)
• Forward support company (engineer)
• Forward support company (infantry) (×3)
• Forward support company (field artillery)

One Brigade engineer battalion

• Headquarters and headquarters company (HHC)
• Combat engineer company
• Engineer support company
• Signal company
• Military intelligence company

Stryker vehicles

• M1126 Infantry Carrier Vehicle (ICV)
• M1127 Reconnaissance Vehicle
• M1128 Mobile Gun System (MGS) armed with 105 mm overhead gun for direct fire
• M1129 Mortar Carrier armed with a mounted 120 mm and a dismountable 81 or 60 mm Mortar
• M1130 Command Vehicle
• M1131 Fire Support Vehicle (FSV) with targeting and surveillance sensors
• M1132 Engineer Support Vehicle (ESV)
• M1133 Medical Evacuation Vehicle (MEV)
• M1134 Anti-Tank Guided Missile Vehicle (ATGM) armed with a twin TOW missile launcher.
• M1135 Nuclear,Biological,Chemical, Reconnaissance Vehicle (NBC RV)

Armored brigade combat team (ABCT)

Armored brigade combat team table of organization

The armored brigade combat team (ABCT) is the army's primary armored force.It is designed around combined arms battalions (CABs) that contain M1 Abrams tanks and M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs).Other vehicles, such as HMMWVs and M113 armored personnel carrier vehicles,operate in a supporting role.In the future,it will also contain vehicles from the Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV) and likely the Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle (OMFV).

An Armored Brigade Combat Team consists of Two Combined Arms Battalions,One Mechanized Infantry Battalion,One Cavalry (Reconnaissance) Battalion,One Field Artillery Battalion,One Engineer Battalion and One Support Battalion.As of 2014,the armored brigade combat team is the largest brigade combat team formation with 4,743 soldiers.Prior to 2012,the armored brigade combat team was named the heavy brigade combat team.

An Armored Brigade Combat Team (ABCT) includes 87 Abrams,152 Bradley IFVs,18 M109s and 45 armed M113 vehicles.The operational cost for these combat systems is $66,735 per mile.The range of the Abrams limits the brigade to 330 km (205 miles),requiring fuel every 12 hours.The brigade can self-transport 738,100 L (195,000 gallons) of fuel,which is transported by 15 19,000 L (5,000 gal) M969A1 tankers and 48 9,500 L (2,500 gal) M978 tankers.

Prior to 2016,Combined Arms Battalions (CAB) contained two tank companies and two mechanized infantry companies.In 2016,the CAB was reorganized to have two variations;an"armored”battalion,with two tank companies and one mechanized infantry company,and a"mechanized infantry"battalion,with two mechanized infantry companies and one tank company.The Armored Brigade Combat Team (ABCTs) thus adopted a"triangle"structure of two armored battalions and one mechanized infantry battalion.This resulted in an overall reduction of two mechanized infantry companies;the deleted armored company was reflagged to the cavalry squadron.

In 2021 the US Army announced its Waypoint 2028 program which saw the force begin to shift its doctrinal and organizational focus towards what it called Large Scale Combat Operations (LSCO).The shift away from counter insurgency and to combat with a near peer threat meant a shift away from an organization focused on Brigade Combat Teams and back to one focused on the division echelon and above.Armored Brigade Combat teams received some of the most sweeping changes to their organization as their parent divisions were reorganized to be the central fist in any attack.In January 2022 the Army would rebrand from Waypoint 2028 to Army 2030 which would bring about refinements to the proposed organizational and doctrinal changes.In April 2023 the Army would release its newly formed divisional templates and BCT organizations.

The new Armored Brigade Combat teams would retain their three maneuver battalions in the post 2016 structure of two armor heavy battalions and one infantry heavy battalion.Armored Brigades will lose their own organic cavalry squadron which will be passed up to the divisional level in a new cavalry regiment.In lieu of this brigade headquarters will receive a 6 Bradley recon platoon.Armored brigades will also have their organic artillery shifted up to the divisional level so that they can be more effective concentrated across the entire engagement front.Finally the organic engineering battalion will be shifted up to a division level engineering brigade so that it too can be more effectively concentrated to the main effort brigade when needed.

Post-2023 organizational restructure for combined armor/infantry assets

Two Armored Battalions

• Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC)
• Tank Company (×2)
• Mechanized Infantry Company

One Mechanized Infantry Battalion

• Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC)
• Tank Company
• Mechanized Infantry Company (×2)

One Cavalry (Reconnaissance) Squadron

• Headquarters and headquarters troop (HHT)
• Scout Platoons (x2)
• Tank Platoon (×2)
• Robot Combat Vehicles Platoon
• Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear (CBRN) Reconnaissance Platoon
• Mortar Section
• SUAS Section

Brigade Signals Company (BSC)

One Brigade Support Battalion

• Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC)
• Distribution Company
• Field Maintenance Company
• Medical Company
  • Headquarters Platoon
  • Treatment Platoon
  • Medical Evacuation (MEDEVAC) Platoon
• Forward Support Company (Combined Arms) (×3)

Modernization

Main article: Reorganization plan of United States Army

The U.S. Army planned to implement elements of the BCT Modernization program in 2010. This program was planned to utilize elements from the Future Combat Systems program that was canceled in early 2009.

The program came in two segments. The first to be implemented would be the Early Infantry Brigade Combat Team Capability Package (Early IBCT Package), which would modernize infantry brigade combat teams. The second to be implemented would be the Follow-on Incremental Capabilities Package, which could modernize all brigades.

Reorganization

After the 2013 reform's round of de-activations and downsizing,the below numbers represent the number of Brigade Combat Teams (BCTs) that will be left in the US Army's Active Component.(Numbers after the brigade re-organization in brackets)

Combat brigades:45 (32)

• 17 (10) armored brigade combat teams (ABCTs)
• 8 (8) Stryker brigade combat teams (SBCTs)
• 20 (14) infantry brigade combat teams (IBCTs) including airborne Infantry Brigade Combat Teams (IBCTs)

In July 2015,the Army announced the reduction of 2 additional BCTs as part of ongoing reductions to an end strength of 450,000 personnel.In addition to the reduction,one active Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT) will convert to an infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT),and its vehicles will be used to convert an Army National Guard BCT from armored to Stryker.

In April 2017,the Army confirmed that the proposed downsizing of 4/25 (Airborne) BCT was being reversed,and the BCT retained its structure.

As of September 2018,the active duty component of United States Army consists of 31 brigade combat teams:

• 14 infantry brigade combat teams (IBCTs) (including airborne brigades)
• 10 armored brigade combat teams (ABCTs)
• 7 Stryker brigade combat teams (SBCTs)

On 20 September 2018,the Army announced that the 1st Brigade Combat Team of the 1st Armored Division (1/1st AD) stationed at Fort Bliss, Texas,will convert from a Stryker brigade combat team (SBCT) to an armored brigade combat team (ABCT);and the 2nd Brigade Combat Team of the 4th Infantry Division (2/4th ID) stationed at Fort Carson,Colorado,will convert from an infantry brigade combat team (IBCT) to a Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT).The conversion of the 1st Brigade Combat Team,1st Armored Division,and the 2nd Brigade Combat Team,4th Infantry Division,were planned to begin in the spring of 2019 and spring of 2020 respectively.

Army National Guard brigade combat teams have the same Table of Organization and Equipment (TOE) as active duty component BCTs.As of September 2018,the Army National Guard consists of 27 BCTs in the following order:

• 20 infantry brigade combat teams (IBCTS)
• 5 armored brigade combat teams (ABCTS)
• 2 Stryker brigade combat teams (SBCTS)

British Army adaptation

The British Army has adopted the BCT format as part of its Future Soldier reforms.The Future Soldier reforms are in turn part of the Integrated Review published on 25 November 2021 and the Defence in a Competitive Age command paper published on 22 March 2021.However,the British Army's BCT's concept is not streamlined like the US Army's - each type of BCT does not have the same type of sub-units.

See also

• Future Soldier, for comparison
• Reorganization plan of United States Army
• Regimental combat team
• USMC Marine Air-Ground Task Force, for comparison
• Russian Battalion tactical group, for comparison.

Additional reading

• FM 3–20.96 Reconnaissance and Cavalry Squadron
• FM 3–21.20 The Infantry Battalion
• FM 3–96 Brigade Combat Team
• FM 3–90.61 The Brigade Special Troops Battalion