Bosnian Muslim paramilitary units, that is, militias or paramilitary units made up of Bosnian Muslims (Bosniaks) and espousing a Bosnian nationalist or Islamic ideology active in war.
World War II[]
During World War II, Bosnian Muslims established numerous self-defense units. Organizers of individual groups were Muhamed Hadžiefendić, Avdaga Hasić, Hasan Gondžić, Nešad Topčić, Džemal Tanović, Omer Čengić, Avdo Ferizbegović, Ismet Bektašević, Edhem Efendić, Zulfo Dumanjić and Ibrahim Pjanić.[1] These units are commonly known as Muslim militias,[2] Serbo-Croatian language: muslimanske milicije.[3] Hoare describes them as "Muslim quisling armed formations".[4] Most militias supported the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), a fascist puppet state of Nazi Germany governed by the Ustaše. These were mostly put under the command of the Croatian Home Guard (HD).
- Hadžiefendić Legion, HD unit based in Tuzla, active December 1941–May 1943, 5,000–6,000 members, led by Muhamed Hadžiefendić
- Green cadres, independent units based in Sarajevo, Foča, Tuzla, Bihać, active December 1941–1943, 8,000 members, led by Nešad Topčić
- Huska's militia, independent unit based in Bosanska Krajina, active October 1943–May 1944, 3,000 members, led by Husein Miljković
- Zvornik Muslim militia, led by Ismet Bektašević.[5]
- Srebrenica[5] or Bratunac[6] Muslim militia, led by Edhem Efendić.[5][6]
- Rogatica Muslim militia, led by Zulfo Dumanjić.[6][5]
- Sokolac Muslim militia, led by Ibrahim Pjanić.[5] After Tuzla's fall in 1943, Pjanić established a "Green cadre".
Bosnian War[]
During the Bosnian War, Bosniak paramilitary forces supported an independent Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Patriotic League (Patriotska liga), established by the Party of Democratic Action (SDA) in June 1991 in preparations for the coming Bosnian War.
- Green Berets (Zelene beretke), tied to SDA.
- Bosnian mujahideen (el Mudžahid), partially made up of foreign Muslim fighters, financed by Muslim countries and Islamist organizations
- Black Swans (Crni labudovi)
See also[]
- Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bosnian-Herzegovinian Infantry
- List of Serbian paramilitary formations
References[]
- ↑ IZ u BiH 2006, p. 1121.
- ↑ Hoare 2014, p. 188.
- ↑ Papadopolos 1974, pp. 53, 57, 58, 60, 125.
- ↑ Hoare 2014, p. 257.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Tepić 1998, p. 356.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 IZ u BiH 2007, p. 58.
Sources[]
- Books
- Hoare, Marko Attila (2014). Bosnian Muslims in the Second World War: A History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-932785-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=TfQEAQAAQBAJ.
- Papadopolos, Dušan (1974). AVNOJ i narodnooslobodilačka borba u Bosni i Hercegovini: 1942-1943 : materijali sa naučnog skupa održanog u Sarajevu 22. i 23. novembra 1973. godine. Rad. https://books.google.com/books?id=DfsCAAAAMAAJ.
- Schindler, John R. (2007). Unholy Terror: Bosnia, Al-Qa'ida, and the Rise of Global Jihad. New York City: Zenith Press. ISBN 9780760330036.
- Tepić, Ibrahim (1998). Bosna i Hercegovina od najstarijih vremena do kraja Drugog svjetskog rata. Bosanski kulturni centar. https://books.google.com/books?id=-RW5AAAAIAAJ.
- Journals
- IZ u BiH (2006). Glasnik Rijaseta Islamske zajednice u Bosni i Hercegovini. 68. Islamska zajednica u Bosni i Hercegovini. https://books.google.com/books?id=YHMuAQAAIAAJ.
- IZ u BiH (2007). Glasnik Rijaseta Islamske zajednice u Bosni i Hercegovini. 69. Islamska zajednica u Bosni i Hercegovini. https://books.google.com/books?id=UGIuAQAAIAAJ.
Further reading[]
- Adnan Jahić (1995). Muslimanske formacije tuzlanskog kraja u Drugom svjetskom ratu. Zmaj od Bosne. https://books.google.com/books?id=nj5-AAAAIAAJ.
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