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Besançon Commune
Quai Battant (Besançon) - années 1860
Besançon-Battant, in 1860's.
DateApril – June 1871
LocationBesançon, France
Belligerents
France French Republic Socialist red flag Communards
Socialist red flag National Guards
Commanders and leaders
  • Socialist red flag Séverin Robert
  • Socialist red flag Vladimir Ozerov

The Besançon Commune (in French Commune de Besançon) was a short-lived revolutionary movement conceived and developed in 1871, aiming at the proclamation of a local autonomous power based on Lyon and Paris experiences.[1] It originates from sociological upheavals which metamorphosed the city[2] · ,[1] and with the emergence of unions including a section of IWA in connection with the future Jura Federation[3] · [4] · [5] · [6] · .[1] The Franco-Prussian War, the fall of the Second Empire, and the advent of the Third Republic, precipitate events[7] · .[1] While many notables testify to an insurrectional context[8] and armed support from Switzerland is getting organized[9] · [10] · ,[1] the correspondence left by James Guillaume and Mikhail Bakunin[11] · [12] attest to a planned release between the end of May and the beginning of June 1871.[1] However, with the start of the Semaine sanglante on May 21 and the pursuit of an internal campaign until June 7, any attempt was seriously compromised.[1] Despite the hope of a restart, the weeks and months following the idea of an insurrection is definitively abandoned reinforced by the extinction of the groups and activities called anarchists from 1875.[1]

Notes[]

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Michel Cordillot, La naissance du mouvement ouvrier à Besançon - la Première internationale 1869-1872, Besançon, Cahier d'Études comtoises, 1990, 83 pages (ISBN 2251604197).
  2. Bernard H. Moss, Aux origines du mouvement ouvrier français : le socialisme des ouvriers de métier, 1830-1914, Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comté, 1985, 236 pages.
  3. Oscar Testut, Association internationale des travailleurs, Vingtrinier, 1870, 327 pages.
  4. Alcan-Lévy, Les Mystères de l'Internationale, etc, British Library, 1871, 120 pages.
  5. Société des études pratiques d'économie sociale, Unions de la paix sociale, Société international de science sociale, Études sociales - volume 10, 1885, 580 pages.
  6. Séverin Robert on le Maitron.
  7. Jean Desfrane, Histoire d'une ville, Besançon : le temps retrouvé, Cêtre, 1990, 187 pages.
  8. Alexandre Estignard, La République et la guerre à Besançon. Par un patriote comtois, Imprimerie et Lithographie de J. Jacquin, 1872.
  9. Arthur Lehning, Michel Bakounine. Théorie et pratique du fédéralisme anti-étatique en 1870-1871
  10. Fernand Rude, De la guerre à la Commune, Éditions Anthropos, 1972, 611 pages.
  11. Comité historique du centre-est, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université de Clermont-Ferrand I, Université des sciences sociales de Grenoble, Université de Lyon II, Université Jean Moulin, Université de Saint-Étienne, Centre universitaire de Savoie, Cahiers d'histoire - volumes 24 à 25, 1979.
  12. Arthur Lehning, Œuvres complètes de Bakounine: Michel Bakounine sur la guerre france-allemande et la révolution sociale en France 1870-1871, Éditions Champ Libre, 1979.
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