Military Wiki
Register
Advertisement
Battle of Kowel
Part of The Brusilov offensive (World War I)
EasternFront1916a
EasternFront1916b
The Eastern Front before and during the Brusilov Offensive
DateJuly 24, 1916 – August 8, 1916
LocationGalicia
Result Stalling of the Russian offensive
Belligerents
Flag of Russia Russian Empire Flag of Austria-Hungary 1869-1918 Austria-Hungary
Flag of the German Empire German Empire
Commanders and leaders
Russia Aleksei Brusilov Austria-HungaryConrad von Hötzendorf
German EmpireAlexander von Linsingen
Strength
29 Infantry and 12 Cavalry divisions 12 divisions



The Battle of Kowel (also known as the Battle of Kovel or the Battle of Kovel-Stanislav) took place during World War I, from July 24 to August 8, 1916. It began with an Austrian counter-attack by Alexander von Linsingen south of Kowel, a city located in the Volyn Oblast (province), in north-western Ukraine. Linsingen intended to halt the Russian offensive under the command of General Aleksei Alekseevich Brusilov.

Background[]

The Brusilov offensive began on June 4, 1916, it was the greatest Russian feat of arms during World War I, and among the most lethal battles in world history. It was a major offensive against the armies of the Central Powers on the Eastern Front. Mounting pressure from the western Allies caused the Russians to hurry their preparations. Brusilov amassed four armies totalling 40 infantry divisions and 15 cavalry divisions. He faced 39 Austrian infantry divisions and 10 cavalry divisions formed in a row of three defensive lines, although later German reinforcements were brought up.

The breakthrough came when, on June 4, the Russians opened the offensive with a massive, accurate, but brief artillery barrage against the Austro-Hungarian lines. On June 8, Russian forces of the South-western Front took Lutsk. By now the Austrians were in full retreat and the Russians had taken over 200,000 prisoners, however Brusilov's forces were becoming overextended. In a meeting held on the same day Lutsk fell, German Chief of Staff Erich von Falkenhayn persuaded Austrian Field Marshal Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf to redeploy troops from the Italian Front to counter the Russians in Galicia. General Paul von Hindenburg was again able to capitalize on good railroads to bring German reinforcements east. At last, on June 18, a weak and poorly prepared offensive commenced under Alexei Evert, and on July 24 Alexander von Linsingen commenced his own counter-attack. Brusilov and Russian Tsar Nicholas II ordered other Russian commanders to commence their own attacks, however high casualties and internal rivalry meant that this did not occur.[1]

The battle[]

The Tsar had provided large amounts of artillery and shells for Brusilov's army, however this had repercussions for the Russians as Brusilov reverted to the tactic of extensive barrages followed by waves of advancing soldiers, a tactic that had proved unsuccessful since 1915[1] with German commanders observing the new similarities between Kowel and the Western Front.[2]

The German commander, Linsingen, sought to check the Russian army under the command of General Brusilov. The Russian force of 29 Infantry and 12 Cavalry divisions faced only 12 Austrian divisions, however the ineffective barrage and the tactic of using 'waves' of attacking soldiers resulting in significant Russian casualties and the stalling of the Brusilov offensive.

Consequences[]

The 500,000 Russian casualties during the offensive, culminating in the battle of Kowel "finished Russia as an active participant in the war"[1] with its consumption of men and resources. The battle also had a far reaching impact on Austria, as it illustrated the country's reliance on Germany as well as deprived the nation of large numbers of fighting men. Romania, relying on a Russian success during the conflict, was overrun by Germany and Bulgaria shortly after Russia's defeat.[1] With the armed forces of both Germany and Austria-Hungary losing confidence in their monarchs as a result of the engagement, and with its effective removal of Russia from the war, the battle of Kowel remains one of the most influential of the war.[1]

Notes[]

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Lanning p. 297
  2. Stone p. 268

References[]

  • Lanning, Michael Lee The Battle 100: the stories behind history's most influential battles, 2003 ISBN 1-4022-0263-6
  • Stone, Norman Europe Transformed, 1878-1919, 1999 ISBN 0-631-21377-5
All or a portion of this article consists of text from Wikipedia, and is therefore Creative Commons Licensed under GFDL.
The original article can be found at Battle of Kowel and the edit history here.
Advertisement