Battle of Doberdò

Battle of Doberdò
Part of the Italian Front of the First World War
Deciption of the Battle of Doberdo.
Date 6 August 1916 Location Gorizia - Doberdò del Lago, Italy Result Pyrrhic Italian victory
Belligerents
Italy	Austria-Hungary
Commanders and leaders
Luigi Capello	Archduke Eugen of Austria
Strength
50,000	aprox. 20,000
Casualties and losses
5000 dead, 8000 wounded, 560 missing or taken POW	3500 dead, 4600 wounded, 1200 missing or taken POW

The Battle of Doberdò was one of the bloodiest battlefields of World War I, fought in August 1916 between the Italian and Austro-Hungarian Army, composed mostly of Hungarian and Slovenian regiments.

The battle, which was part of the Sixth Battle of the Isonzo, took place on a strategic area the westernmost edge of the Kras plateau. The Italians, who conquered the lowland area around Monfalcone and Ronchi, tried to force themselves over the Kras Plateau in order to gain control over the main road linking the port city of Trieste to the town of Gorizia. After fierce fighting and huge casualties, they succeeded in their attempts. The Austro-Hungarian forces retreated and Gorizia fell to the Italians. They however didn't succeed in forcing their way to Trieste, and were stopped north-west of Duino.

Battle

Fighting culminated^{[Clarification needed]} on 6 August, when Italian forces under general Luigi Capello launched an attack on Austro-Hungarian positions guarding the main transport road leading from the coast town of Duino to Gorizia. The main objective of the attack was to secure the transport road, thus securing their advance to Gorizia from the south. A plan was drafted by Italian general Luigi Capello, to split the army in half, with one side attacking straight at Austrian positions and the other to attack from the rear.

On the morning of 6 August, Austro-Hungarian artillery began shelling Italian infantry as they were drawing nearer. Following the devised plan, four divisions of Italian infantry launched a straight-on frontal assault on Austro-Hungarian trenches, resulting in many soldiers and officers being gunned down by heavy machine-gun fire. With reinforcements, the Italian infantry managed to penetrate through Austro-Hungarian lines, eventually taking Doberdò itself. By now, Austrian forces were in desperate need for reinforcements to halt the Italian advance towards Gorizia. The other half of the Italian army attacked Austrian positions from the rear, as planned. Intensive hand-to-hand fighting commenced with both sides taking massive losses. Surrounded, Austro-Hungrian forces were forced to retreat, on the line east of Gorizia, giving Italian forces control of the heavily damaged town.

Results

Both sides had taken massive losses, with an estimated of more than 20,000 soldiers killed or missing. Although victorious, Italian losses were much more greater than that of the Austro-Hungarians, with around 5,000 of their soldiers killed. This was largely due to the frontal assaults on Austrian positions, which were more superior to that of the Italians. Italian generals were eager to crush Austro-Hungarian forces in the area, with the intent of going as far as Ljubljana. While Austrian generals wanted to preserve their troops (having to fight on two fronts), which gave them less men to defend their border with Italy. In all, this was a strategically important victory for the Italians despite the outcome of the battle.

References

• Lukachich, Géza (1918). A Doberdó védelme az első isonzói csatában. [The defense of the Doberdó in the first battle of Isonzó]. Budapest: Atheaneum. p. 89.