Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary

Archduke Joseph
Archduke Joseph
	Portrait by Miklós Barabás (1846)
Personal details
Born	9 March 1776; Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Died	13 January 1847 (aged 70); Buda, Kingdom of Hungary
Spouse(s)	Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia; Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym; Maria Dorothea of Württemberg
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Joseph Anton Johann, Archduke of Austria (German: Erzherzog Joseph Anton Johann Baptist von Österreich-Toscana, a.k.a. Joseph Anton Johann von Österreich, Hungarian language: Habsburg-Toscanai József Antal János főherceg, a.k.a. József nádor, Czech language: Josef Habsbursko-Lotrinský , 9 March 1776, Florence – 13 January 1847, Buda), was the Palatine of Hungary from 1796 to 1847. He was the seventh son of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Luisa of Spain.

Family

Joseph was one of fifteen children born to Leopold II and Maria Louisa of Spain. He was born in Florence, where his father was ruling as Grand Duke of Tuscany.

In 1796, he was made Palatine of Hungary (nádor in Hungarian). This old title was, in effect, a deputy of the king, when he was absent from the country. Throughout his years in office he supported and promoted economic reforms, public works, and construction projects that aimed to bring Hungary closer to Europe. He did not govern with a heavy hand, harsh measures were usually imposed from Vienna. His years saw the first steamboat and railroad in Hungary, the regulation of the Danube, and the founding of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

He was very popular among the Magyars, and became the founder of the Hungarian branch of the Habsburg family. His statue now stands in a place of honor at the very heart of Budapest in a square named for him, in front of the Ministry of Finance.

First marriage

Joseph married the Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia (1783–1801), on 30 October 1799 at Saint Petersburg. He was 23 years old, while she was 16. She died of puerperal fever soon after delivering a short-lived daughter, the Archduchess Alexandrine of Austria, on 9 March 1801 in Buda.^{[citation needed]}

Second marriage

Joseph's second wife was Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (1797–1817). They were married on 30 August 1815 at Schaumburg Castle, when he was 39 and she was 17. She died in childbirth two years later. Both of Joseph's children with Hermine died unmarried and without issue. They were Archduchess Hermine of Austria (14 September 1817, Buda – 13 February 1842, Vienna), and Archduke Stephen, Palatine of Hungary (14 September 1817, Buda – 19 February 1867, Menton).

Third marriage

Joseph third wife was the Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg, whom he wed on 24 August 1819 at Kirchheim unter Teck. He was 43 years old, and she was 21. They were the parents of five children: Archduchess Franziska Marie Elisabeth of Austria (31 July 1820, Buda – 23 August 1820 Buda); Archduke Alexander of Austria (6 June 1825, Buda – 12 November 1837, Buda); Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria, (17 January 1831, Buda, Hungary – 14 February 1903, Vienna, Austria); Archduke Joseph Karl of Austria (2 March 1833, Pozsony, now Bratislava in Slovakia – 13 June 1905, Fiume, now Rijeka in Croatia); and Archduchess Marie Henriette of Austria (23 August 1836 – 20 September 1902).

Joseph had one illegitimate son, Gavio Clùtos (2 March 1810 – January 1859).

Ancestry

Ancestors of Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary^[1]

16. Charles V, Duke of Lorraine

8. Leopold, Duke of Lorraine

17. Eleonora Maria Josefa of Austria
Queen Dowager of Poland-Lithuania

4. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis III Stephen, Duke of Lorraine

18. Philippe I, Duke of Orléans

9. Princess Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans

19. Countess Palatine Elizabeth Charlotte of Simmern

2. Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor

20. Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor

10. Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor

21. Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg

5. Maria Theresa of Austria
Queen of Hungary & Bohemia

22. Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

11. Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

23. Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen

1. Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary

24. Louis, Dauphin of France

12. Philip V of Spain

25. Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria

6. Charles III of Spain

26. Edward II Farnese, Duke of Parma

13. Elisabeth of Parma

27. Countess Palatine Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg

3. Maria Louisa of Spain

28. Augustus II of Poland
Elector of Saxony

14. Augustus III of Poland
Elector of Saxony

29. Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth

7. Maria Amalia of Saxony

30. Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor

15. Maria Josepha of Austria

31. Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick-Calenberg

References

↑ (in fr) Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans. Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 109. http://books.google.com/books?id=AINPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA109.

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[1] (in fr) Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans. Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 109. http://books.google.com/books?id=AINPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA109.

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