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|birth_date={{birth date|1851|06|13|df=y}}
 
|birth_date={{birth date|1851|06|13|df=y}}
 
|death_date={{death date and age|1917|02|08|1851|06|13|df=y}}
 
|death_date={{death date and age|1917|02|08|1851|06|13|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Tolmin|Tolmein]], [[Austrian Empire]] (today [[Slovenia]])
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|birth_place=[[Tolmin|Tolmein]], [[Austrian Empire]] (today Slovenia)
|death_place=[[Pula|Pola]] (today [[Croatia]])
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|death_place=Pola (today Croatia)
 
|image=Anton Haus.jpg
 
|image=Anton Haus.jpg
 
|caption= Grand Admiral Haus
 
|caption= Grand Admiral Haus
|nickname=
 
 
|allegiance={{flag|Austria-Hungary}}
 
|allegiance={{flag|Austria-Hungary}}
 
|branch={{Navy|Austria-Hungary}}
 
|branch={{Navy|Austria-Hungary}}
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|commands= ''Chef der Marinesektion'' (Commander of Navy) (February 1913-February 1917)
 
|commands= ''Chef der Marinesektion'' (Commander of Navy) (February 1913-February 1917)
 
|battles=
 
|battles=
|battles_label=
 
|laterwork=
 
|relations=
 
 
}}
 
}}
   
'''Anton Haus''' (June 13, 1851 – February 8, 1917) was an Austrian naval officer. Despite his German surname, he was born to a [[Slovene language|Slovenian]]-speaking family in Tolmein (now [[Tolmin]], Slovenia). Haus was fleet commander of the [[Austro-Hungarian Navy]] in World War I and was the Navy's [[Grand Admiral]] from 1916 until his death.
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'''Anton Haus''' (June 13, 1851 – February 8, 1917) was an Austrian naval officer. Despite his German surname, he was born to a Slovenian-speaking family in Tolmein (now [[Tolmin]], Slovenia). Haus was fleet commander of the [[Austro-Hungarian Navy]] in World War I and was the Navy's [[Grand Admiral]] from 1916 until his death.
   
 
==Biography==
 
==Biography==
Haus entered the Navy in 1869. He distinguished himself as an instructor at the Imperial and Royal Naval Academy in Fiume (now [[Rijeka]]); a product of his academic study was ''Oceanography and Maritime Meteorology'' (1891). Returning to a seagoing command, Haus was commander of a corvette during the multinational intervention in the [[Boxer Rebellion]] in [[China]] in 1900/01. After the suppression of the insurrection Haus remained in Peking (now [[Beijing]]) until 1902.
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Haus entered the Navy in 1869. He distinguished himself as an instructor at the Imperial and Royal Naval Academy in Fiume (now Rijeka); a product of his academic study was ''Oceanography and Maritime Meteorology'' (1891). Returning to a seagoing command, Haus was commander of a corvette during the multinational intervention in the [[Boxer Rebellion]] in China in 1900/01. After the suppression of the insurrection Haus remained in Peking (now Beijing) until 1902.
   
 
Promoted to ''Vizeadmiral'' in 1907, Haus was Austro-Hungarian envoy to the second [[Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907)|Hague Peace Conference]] from May to October of that year. Appointed ''Flotteninspekteur'' (Fleet Inspector) in 1912, Haus succeeded [[Rudolf Montecuccoli]] as ''Marinekommandant'' (Navy Commander) and ''Chef der Marinesektion'' (Chief of the Naval Section of the War Ministry) on 24 February 1913.
 
Promoted to ''Vizeadmiral'' in 1907, Haus was Austro-Hungarian envoy to the second [[Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907)|Hague Peace Conference]] from May to October of that year. Appointed ''Flotteninspekteur'' (Fleet Inspector) in 1912, Haus succeeded [[Rudolf Montecuccoli]] as ''Marinekommandant'' (Navy Commander) and ''Chef der Marinesektion'' (Chief of the Naval Section of the War Ministry) on 24 February 1913.
   
Perhaps unaware of the gravity of the situation, Haus was notably absent during the July Crisis of 1914. At the crucial crown council of 7 July 1914, where drastic action against [[Serbia]] was decided upon, [[Karl Kailer von Kaltenfels]] stood in for his chief. Upon the outbreak of war, Haus was named ''Flottenkommandant'' (Fleet Commander). When Italy entered the war, Haus sent the battle fleet to bombard [[Ancona]] and other Italian Adriatic ports on the night of 23/24 May 1915, but for the most part he left the active fighting to the light forces—fast cruisers, destroyers and submarines.
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Perhaps unaware of the gravity of the situation, Haus was notably absent during the July Crisis of 1914. At the crucial crown council of 7 July 1914, where drastic action against Serbia was decided upon, [[Karl Kailer von Kaltenfels]] stood in for his chief. Upon the outbreak of war, Haus was named ''Flottenkommandant'' (Fleet Commander). When Italy entered the war, Haus sent the battle fleet to bombard Ancona and other Italian Adriatic ports on the night of 23/24 May 1915, but for the most part he left the active fighting to the light forces—fast cruisers, destroyers and submarines.
   
 
A shrewd naval strategist, Haus recognized that the real value of his battle fleet lay in maintaining its existence as a [[fleet in being]] to counter the threat of the Allied powers. His strategy received severe German criticism, but he was strongly supported by his own high command, including the ''Marineinspekteur'', Erzherzog Karl Stephan ([[Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria]]). Like his German counterpart, [[Alfred von Tirpitz]], Haus favored [[unrestricted submarine warfare]].
 
A shrewd naval strategist, Haus recognized that the real value of his battle fleet lay in maintaining its existence as a [[fleet in being]] to counter the threat of the Allied powers. His strategy received severe German criticism, but he was strongly supported by his own high command, including the ''Marineinspekteur'', Erzherzog Karl Stephan ([[Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria]]). Like his German counterpart, [[Alfred von Tirpitz]], Haus favored [[unrestricted submarine warfare]].
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In 1916 Haus became the only active-duty Austro-Hungarian naval officer (aside from members of the Imperial house) to be promoted to ''Grossadmiral'' ([[Grand Admiral]]). (His immediate successor, [[Maximilian Njegovan]], was named a ''Grossadmiral'' in 1918, but on the retired list.)
 
In 1916 Haus became the only active-duty Austro-Hungarian naval officer (aside from members of the Imperial house) to be promoted to ''Grossadmiral'' ([[Grand Admiral]]). (His immediate successor, [[Maximilian Njegovan]], was named a ''Grossadmiral'' in 1918, but on the retired list.)
   
Haus died of pneumonia in Pola (now [[Pula]]) on 2 February 1917 and was buried at the naval military [[cemetery]] (''k.u.k. Marinefriedhof''). [[Charles I of Austria|Emperor Karl I]] attended the funeral and later conferred upon him the posthumous honour of [[Military Order of Maria Theresa|Commander of the Military Order of Maria Theresa]]. With Pula under Italian sovereignty postwar, Haus's remains were transferred to Vienna in 1925.
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Haus died of pneumonia in Pola (now Pula) on 2 February 1917 and was buried at the naval military cemetery (''k.u.k. Marinefriedhof''). [[Charles I of Austria|Emperor Karl I]] attended the funeral and later conferred upon him the posthumous honour of [[Military Order of Maria Theresa|Commander of the Military Order of Maria Theresa]]. With Pula under Italian sovereignty postwar, Haus's remains were transferred to Vienna in 1925.
   
 
Haus was succeeded as ''Marinekommandant'' and ''Flottenkommandant'' by Maximilian Njegovan and as ''Chef der Marinesektion'' by Karl Kailer von Kagenfels; Njegovan was appointed to the latter post in April 1917. The fleet that Haus had so scrupulously maintained as a 'fleet in being' was parcelled out among the victorious powers after 1918.
 
Haus was succeeded as ''Marinekommandant'' and ''Flottenkommandant'' by Maximilian Njegovan and as ''Chef der Marinesektion'' by Karl Kailer von Kagenfels; Njegovan was appointed to the latter post in April 1917. The fleet that Haus had so scrupulously maintained as a 'fleet in being' was parcelled out among the victorious powers after 1918.
   
== See also ==
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==See also==
 
* [[Mediterranean naval engagements during World War I]]
 
* [[Mediterranean naval engagements during World War I]]
   
== References ==
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==References==
 
* Robert Gardiner (editorial director), ''Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921''. London: [[Conway Maritime Press]], 1985. ISBN 0-85177-245-5
 
* Robert Gardiner (editorial director), ''Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921''. London: [[Conway Maritime Press]], 1985. ISBN 0-85177-245-5
 
* German Wikipedia entry "[[:de:Anton Haus|Anton Haus]]"
 
* German Wikipedia entry "[[:de:Anton Haus|Anton Haus]]"
 
* [[Fred T. Jane]] (editor), ''Jane's Fighting Ships 1914''. London: [[Sampson Low]], [[Marston & Company, Ltd.]], 1914.
 
* [[Fred T. Jane]] (editor), ''Jane's Fighting Ships 1914''. London: [[Sampson Low]], [[Marston & Company, Ltd.]], 1914.
* [[George Richard Marek]], ''The Eagles Die. Franz Joseph, Elisabeth, and their Austria''. New York: [[Harper & Row]], 1974.
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* [[George Richard Marek]], ''The Eagles Die. Franz Joseph, Elisabeth, and their Austria''. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.
 
* Stephen Pope and [[Elizabeth-Anne Wheal]], ''Dictionary of the First World War''. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: [[Pen and Sword Books]], 2003. ISBN 0-85052-979-4
 
* Stephen Pope and [[Elizabeth-Anne Wheal]], ''Dictionary of the First World War''. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: [[Pen and Sword Books]], 2003. ISBN 0-85052-979-4
   
== External links ==
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==External links==
 
* [http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/haus.htm First World War.com – Who's Who – Anton Haus]
 
* [http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/haus.htm First World War.com – Who's Who – Anton Haus]
   
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|years=1913–1917}}
 
|years=1913–1917}}
 
{{s-end}}
 
{{s-end}}
 
{{Commons|Anton Haus}}
   
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{{Wikipedia|Anton Haus}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=10674382}}
 
   
{{commons category|Anton Haus}}
 
 
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
 
| NAME = Haus, Anton
 
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
 
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Austrian admiral
 
| DATE OF BIRTH = June 13, 1851
 
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Tolmin|Tolmein]], [[Austrian Empire]] (today [[Slovenia]])
 
| DATE OF DEATH = February 8, 1917
 
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Pula|Pola]] (today [[Croatia]])
 
}}
 
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Haus, Anton}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Haus, Anton}}
 
[[Category:1851 births]]
 
[[Category:1851 births]]

Revision as of 23:08, 5 April 2022

Anton Haus
Anton Haus
Grand Admiral Haus
Born (1851-06-13)13 June 1851
Died 8 February 1917(1917-02-08) (aged 65)
Place of birth Tolmein, Austrian Empire (today Slovenia)
Place of death Pola (today Croatia)
Allegiance Flag of Austria-Hungary 1869-1918 Austria-Hungary
Service/branch Austria-Hungary-flag-1869-1914-naval-1786-1869-merchant Austro-Hungarian Navy
Years of service 1869 - 1917
Rank Grand Admiral
Commands held Chef der Marinesektion (Commander of Navy) (February 1913-February 1917)

Anton Haus (June 13, 1851 – February 8, 1917) was an Austrian naval officer. Despite his German surname, he was born to a Slovenian-speaking family in Tolmein (now Tolmin, Slovenia). Haus was fleet commander of the Austro-Hungarian Navy in World War I and was the Navy's Grand Admiral from 1916 until his death.

Biography

Haus entered the Navy in 1869. He distinguished himself as an instructor at the Imperial and Royal Naval Academy in Fiume (now Rijeka); a product of his academic study was Oceanography and Maritime Meteorology (1891). Returning to a seagoing command, Haus was commander of a corvette during the multinational intervention in the Boxer Rebellion in China in 1900/01. After the suppression of the insurrection Haus remained in Peking (now Beijing) until 1902.

Promoted to Vizeadmiral in 1907, Haus was Austro-Hungarian envoy to the second Hague Peace Conference from May to October of that year. Appointed Flotteninspekteur (Fleet Inspector) in 1912, Haus succeeded Rudolf Montecuccoli as Marinekommandant (Navy Commander) and Chef der Marinesektion (Chief of the Naval Section of the War Ministry) on 24 February 1913.

Perhaps unaware of the gravity of the situation, Haus was notably absent during the July Crisis of 1914. At the crucial crown council of 7 July 1914, where drastic action against Serbia was decided upon, Karl Kailer von Kaltenfels stood in for his chief. Upon the outbreak of war, Haus was named Flottenkommandant (Fleet Commander). When Italy entered the war, Haus sent the battle fleet to bombard Ancona and other Italian Adriatic ports on the night of 23/24 May 1915, but for the most part he left the active fighting to the light forces—fast cruisers, destroyers and submarines.

A shrewd naval strategist, Haus recognized that the real value of his battle fleet lay in maintaining its existence as a fleet in being to counter the threat of the Allied powers. His strategy received severe German criticism, but he was strongly supported by his own high command, including the Marineinspekteur, Erzherzog Karl Stephan (Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria). Like his German counterpart, Alfred von Tirpitz, Haus favored unrestricted submarine warfare.

In 1916 Haus became the only active-duty Austro-Hungarian naval officer (aside from members of the Imperial house) to be promoted to Grossadmiral (Grand Admiral). (His immediate successor, Maximilian Njegovan, was named a Grossadmiral in 1918, but on the retired list.)

Haus died of pneumonia in Pola (now Pula) on 2 February 1917 and was buried at the naval military cemetery (k.u.k. Marinefriedhof). Emperor Karl I attended the funeral and later conferred upon him the posthumous honour of Commander of the Military Order of Maria Theresa. With Pula under Italian sovereignty postwar, Haus's remains were transferred to Vienna in 1925.

Haus was succeeded as Marinekommandant and Flottenkommandant by Maximilian Njegovan and as Chef der Marinesektion by Karl Kailer von Kagenfels; Njegovan was appointed to the latter post in April 1917. The fleet that Haus had so scrupulously maintained as a 'fleet in being' was parcelled out among the victorious powers after 1918.

See also

References

  • Robert Gardiner (editorial director), Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press, 1985. ISBN 0-85177-245-5
  • German Wikipedia entry "Anton Haus"
  • Fred T. Jane (editor), Jane's Fighting Ships 1914. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd., 1914.
  • George Richard Marek, The Eagles Die. Franz Joseph, Elisabeth, and their Austria. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.
  • Stephen Pope and Elizabeth-Anne Wheal, Dictionary of the First World War. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword Books, 2003. ISBN 0-85052-979-4

External links

Military offices
Preceded by
Rudolf Montecuccoli
Commander-in-Chief of the Austro-Hungarian Naval Fleet
1913–1917
Succeeded by
Maximilian Njegovan
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