| An-30 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Role | Aerial cartography |
| Manufacturer | Antonov |
| Designer | Beriev |
| First flight | 21 August 1967[1][2] |
| Introduction | July 1968 |
| Status | Limited service |
| Primary users | Romanian Air Force Bulgarian Air Force |
| Produced | 1971–1980[2] |
| Number built | 123[2] |
| Developed from | Antonov An-24 |
The Antonov An-30 (NATO reporting name: Clank), is a development of the An-24 designed for aerial cartography.
Development[]
The first aerial survey version of the Antonov An-24 was designed by the Beriev OKB and designated An-24FK. The FK stood for fotokartograficheskiy (photo mapping).[3] The prototype was converted from a production An-24A at Beriev's No. 49 construction shop during 1966. The An-24FK made its first flight on 21 August 1967, with state acceptance trials being completed in 1970 and civil certification completed in 1974. Redesignated An-30, production began in 1971 at the Antonov.[2] 123 production An-30s were manufactured between 1971 and 1980[4] in Kiev in 2 main versions.
Design[]
Lukaviatrans An-30A
The Antonov An-30 is a derivative of the An-24 fitted with an entirely new fuselage forward of frame 11. The fuselage nose is extensively glazed, reminiscent of the Boeing B-29. Housed within the new nose section is the navigator and precise navigational equipment, including an optical sight for ensuring accuracy of aerial photography.[3] To enable accurate and repeatable survey flights, standard equipment for the An-30 included computer flight path control technology.[5] This additional equipment replaced the radar. The positioning of the new navigational equipment required the flightdeck to be raised by 41 cm in comparison to the An-24,[3] giving the aircraft its other main feature, a hump containing the cockpit, similar to the Boeing 747.
The radio operator and flight engineer sat in the first cabin aft of and below the flightdeck. The mission equipment was located further aft, in a cabin featuring five camera windows in the floor. Each camera window could be closed with covers to protect the glass panels. The covers were located in special fairings protruding from the fuselage underside. In the normal aerial photography role, four or five cameras were carried aboard. Three cameras were mounted vertically, intended for mapping purposes. The remaining two cameras were pointed at an angle of 28° on each side of the aircraft, for oblique photography. The same fuselage compartment contained workstations for two camera operators and a crew rest area.[6]
The aircraft's cameras could be used between 2,000 and 7,000 m (6,500 and 23,000 ft) and the scale of the resultant photographs was between 1:200,000 and 1:15,000,000.[2] The aircraft was supplied with four or five cameras.
The An-30 was powered by two Ivchenko AI-24VT turboprops with a take-off rating of 2,820 ehp.[2]
Operational history[]
Ukrainian An-30 Ukrainian Air Force
As well as its principal use as a survey aircraft, it has also been used by Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Romania, Russia and Ukraine to carry out surveillance under the Open Skies Treaty.
The An-30 has also been used as a weather control aircraft as the An-30M. Some have been fitted with frozen tanks of carbon dioxide to be ejected into the sky to form artificial rain clouds. These An-30s have also been put to use to avoid crop-damaging hailstorms and also to maintain good weather for, as examples, new airplane maiden flights, important parades like the 1st of May and the 850th anniversary of Moscow in September 1997.[7]
Between 1971 and 1980 total 115 aircraft were built and 23 were sold abroad to Afghanistan, Bulgaria, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Mongolia and Vietnam.
Machines of this type completely mapped Afghanistan in 1982, with one machine shot down during use, and Cuban machines were operated in Angola in 1987.
Accidents[]
On 23 May 2012 Russian Open Skies Antonov-30 caught fire during an emergency landing at an airport outside the Czech city of Caslav. According to unconfirmed reports, the accident occurred because the crew was unable to extend the landing gear. Seven passengers were injured, out of 14 Russian and 9 Czech citizens on board.[8]
Earlier reports said of 19 injured people, but this has turned out to be inaccurate.
Variants[]
- An-24FK
- The sole prototype converted from an An-24B with a navigators station in an extensively glazed nose and elevated cockpit to give clearance for mission equipment.
- An-30A
- Version designed for civilian aviation. 65 were delivered to the Soviet Ministry of Civil Aviation, 6 to other Soviet civil organisations. 18 An-30As were built for export, 7 of which were delivered to China.[9]
- An-30B
- Version designed for the Soviet Air Force. 26 built. Main differences from An-30A was the avionics fit. Most An-30Bs were retro-fitted with chaff/flare dispensers.[10]
- An-30D Sibiryak
- Long range version of the An-30A with increased fuel capacity, developed in 1990. 5 aircraft were converted to An-30Ds. All were based at Myachkovo airfield near Moscow. This variant was used for ice monitoring, fisheries monitoring and as a transport aircraft. It had improved communication equipment, including a data-link system. Rescue equipment was also carried on board.[11]
- An-30FG
- Czech designation for the single Czech Air Force An-30, after being retro-fitted with a western weather radar.[11]
- An-30M Meteozashchita
- Version equipped for weather research. It can spray dry ice into the atmosphere for weather control duties. The dry ice was stored in 8 containers per 130 kg instead of the photographic equipment.
- An-30R
- A production An-30 CCCP-30055/RA-30055(c/n1101) converted to a NBC reconnaissance aircraft with air sampling pods under the forward fuselage and other sensors for monitoring nuclear, biological and chemical warfare by-products. A second example, 30080, was acquired by the VVS, differing in having only one sampling pod on the port pylon and provision for dropping large flare bombs from the starboard pylon. An-30R RA-30055 was used for monitoring the plume from the Chernobyl No.4 nuclear reactor fire and became permanently radio-active in the process, being withdrawn from use immediately afterwards.
Operators[]
Military An-30 operators
Bulgarian Air Force An-30
An-30 aircraft
Military operators[]
Bulgaria
- Romania
- Romanian Air Force – 3 operated from 1976; currently 2[12]
Former Military operators[]
- Afghanistan
- Afghan Air Force received an An-30 in 1985.
- Cuba
- Czech Republic
- Czech Air Force retired their An-30 in 2003.
- Czechoslovakia
- Mongolia
- People's Republic of China
- Russia
- Soviet Union
- Ukraine
- Vietnam
Civil operators[]
In August 2006 a total of 30 Antonov An-30 aircraft remain in airline service:[13]
- People's Republic of China
- Civil Aviation Administration of China operates 1 aircraft.
- Mongolia
- MIAT Mongolian Airlines operated 1 aircraft.
- Russia
- Moskovia Airlines operates 1 aircraft.
- Lukiaviatrans operates 5 aircraft.
- Myachkovo Air Services operates 4 aircraft.
- Novosibirsk Air Enterprise operates 3 aircraft.
- Polet Airlines operates 3 aircraft.
- Practical Geodinamics Center operates 3 aircraft.
- Ukraine
- ARP 410 Airlines operates 2 aircraft.
- Ukraine National Airlines operates 6 aircraft.
- Vietnam
- Vietnam Air Service Company operates 1 aircraft.
- Sudan
one AN-30A-100 is operational in Sudan
Specifications (An-30)[]
Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89[14]
General characteristics
- Crew: 7
- Length: 24.26 m (79 ft 7 in)
- Wingspan: 29.20 m (95 ft 9½ in)
- Height: 8.32 m (27 ft 3½ in)
- Wing area: 75 m² (807 ft²)
- Aspect ratio: 11.4:1
- Empty weight: 15,590 kg (34,370 lb)
- Max. takeoff weight: 23,000kg (50,706lb)
- Powerplant: 2 × ZMKB Progress AI-24T turboprops, 2,103 kW (2,803 ehp) each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 540 km/h (291 knots, 335 mph)
- Cruise speed: 430 km/h (232 knots, 267 mph)
- Range: 2,630 km (1,420 nm, 1,634 mi)
- Service ceiling: 8,300m (27,230 ft)
Avionics
5 positions for large cameras. Other survey equipment can be fitted.
See also[]
References[]
Notes[]
- ↑ The prototype aircraft (a converted An-24 designated An-24FK) first flew on 21 August 1967. The first production An-30 first flew in 1974
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2003, p. 75.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2003, p. 73.
- ↑ Gunston, Bill (1995). The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft from 1875 – 1995. Osprey Aerospace. ISBN 1-85532-405-9.
- ↑ Green, W (1976). The Observer's Book of Aircraft (25th ed.). Frederick Warne & Co. ISBN 0-7232-1553-7.
- ↑ Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2003, p. 74.
- ↑ M J H Taylor, ed (1999). Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000 Edition. Brassey's. ISBN 1-85753-245-7.
- ↑ http://english.ruvr.ru/2012_05_23/75706568/
- ↑ Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2003, p. 77.
- ↑ Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2003, p. 80.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2003, p. 83.
- ↑ Marnix Sap, Carlo Brummer: Fortele Aeriene Romane in: Lotnictwo Nr. 4/2010, p.39 (Polish)
- ↑ Flight International, 3–9 October 2006
- ↑ J W R Taylor, ed (1988). Jane's All The World's Aircraft,1988–89. Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-0867-5.
Bibliography[]
- Yefim Gordon, Dmitriy Komissarov and Sergey Komissarov (2003) Antonov's Turboprop Twins. Hinckley, UK: Midland Publishing. ISBN 1-85780-153-9
External links[]
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