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Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)

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Main article: Battle of Aleppo (2012–present)
Aleppo offensive (October 2015 – present)
Part of the Battle of Aleppo (2012–present) and the Syrian Civil War, also displayed on map Kuweires offensive (September–November 2015)
Aleppo Offensives 2015
The military situation in & around Aleppo as of 17 November 2015
Northwestern Syria & Aleppo offensives 2015
Wider strategic view, including the Northwestern Syria offensive.
     Syrian Army control

     Opposition control (including al-Qaeda in the Levant)      Kurdish control      Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

     Ongoing confrontation or unclear situation
Date16 October 2015 – present
(8 years, 6 months and 3 days)
LocationAleppo Governorate, Syria
Status

Ongoing

  • Tens of thousands of civilians displaced[9]
Territorial
changes
  • Government forces capture 408 square kilometres (158 square miles) of territory,[10] including the area's main rebel stronghold of Al-Hader,[11] cutting the Aleppo-Damascus highway[12]
  • ISIL captures Tal Reeman, Al-Salihiyah[13] and Tell al-Tan'anah[14]
  • Government forces regain control of the strategic Khanasser-Ithriya Highway,[15] as well as the Ithriya Petrol Station and several nearby hills from ISIL[16][17][18][19][20]
  • The rebels recapture seven villages and seven hills[21][22][23]
    • Belligerents

    Flag of Syria Syria

    Flag of Iran Iran

    InfoboxHez Hezbollah
    Flag of Palestine Liwa Al-Quds[6]

    Air strikes:
    Flag of Russia Russia

    Flag of the Syrian Revolutionary Command Council SRCC

    Flag of the Al-Nusra Front Al-Nusra Front
    Flag of the Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria Katibat Turkistani
    Flag of Caucasian Emirate Caucasus Emirate[8]

    Supported by:

    Flag of Turkey Turkey
    Flag of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia
    Flag of Qatar Qatar    		 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (since 23 Oct.)
    Commanders and leaders

    IRGC-Seal Gen. Qassem Soleimani[24][25][26]
    (Supreme commander)
    Flag of Syria Maj. Gen. Saleh Abdullah
    (Overall commander of Syrian forces)[27]
    IRGC-Seal Mostafa Sadrzadeh†[5]
    (Ammar Brigade leader)
    Flag of Palestine Muhammad al-Sa’id[28]
    (Liwa al-Quds leader)

    Russia Viktor Bondarev
    (Chief of staff Russian Air Force)    		 Flag of the Islamic Front (Syria) (Black) Hassan al-Haj Ali (Suqour al-Sham Brigade leader)
    Emblem of the Jaish al-Fatah Abdullah Mehesni (POW)(Army of Conquest field commander)[29]
    Flag of Syrian Turkmens (variant 2) Issa al-Turkmani
    (Sultan Murad Brigade commander)[7]
    File:Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki Logo.jpg Ismail Sanif †
    (Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki Commander)[30]
    Syria-flag 1932-58 1961-63 Bashar Mqaddam †
    (Kata’eb Thuwar al-Sham commander)[31]
    Syria-flag 1932-58 1961-63Abdullah Al Ramla†(Levant Front)[32]
    File:Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki Logo.jpg Hassan Maakh†(Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki Field Commander)[33]
    Flag of Caucasian Emirate Uwais al-Daghestani †[8](Caucasus Emirate field commander)
    Flag of the Al-Nusra Front Abu Suleiman al-Masri†[34]
    (Al-Nusra Front senior commander)
    Flag of the Al-Nusra Front Faysal Shareef“Abu ‘Ameer” †[35]
    (Al-Nusra Front field commander)
    Flag of the Al-Nusra FrontMohammad Hamdoush†(Morrocan Brigades Commander)[36]    		 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Abu Nurlbagasi †[37]
    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Muhammad ibn Khayrat †[37]
    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Al-Okab †[37]
    Units involved

    Syrian Arab Army Flag Syrian Army:

    • 4th Mechanized Division
    • 10th Tank Division
      • 66th Brigade[6]

    Fatah Halab:
    Syria-flag 1932-58 1961-63 Free Syrian Army:

    Flag of the Islamic Front (Syria) (Black) Islamic Front:

    Flag of Syrian Turkmens (variant 2) Sultan Murad Brigade    		 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Military of ISIL
    Strength

    3,000+ Shi'ite fighters and soldiers[38]

    • 2,000 Iranian-backed fighters[39]
    		 Unknown Unknown
    Casualties and losses
    102+ killed,[14][22][40][41][42][43]
    28+ armored vehicles lost[44][45]    		 176+ killed[41][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]
    900+ killed (Russian claim)[54]    		 85+ killed (per SOHR)[50][55]
    190–220 killed (Army claim)[13][56]

    Civil uprising (March–July 2011)

    Start of insurgency (July 2011–April 2012):

    Cease-fire and civil war
    (May 2012–December 2013):

    Rise of the Islamists (January–September 2014)

    Multinational intervention against the Islamic State (September 2014–)

    International incidents:



    The Aleppo offensive is an operation that started on 16 October when the Syrian Army launched a large-scale strategic offensive south of Aleppo. The main objective of the operation is to secure the Azzan Mountains, while also creating a larger buffer-zone around the Syrian Government’s only highway leading to the provincial capital.[57] The objective was also reportedly to set conditions for an upcoming offensive to isolate rebel forces in Aleppo City and to relieve the long-standing siege of a pro-government enclave in Aleppo Province.[58] Gen. Qasem Soleimani was reported to have personally led the drive deep into the southern Aleppo countryside where many town and villages have fallen into government hands. Gen. Soleimani has been in command of the Syrian Arab Army’s 4th Mechanized Division, Hezbollah, Harakat Al-Nujaba (Iraqi), Kataebat Hezbollah (Iraqi), Liwaa Abu Fadl Al-Abbas (Iraqi), and Firqa Fatayyemoun (Afghan/Iranian volunteers).[24][59] The Syrian government's progress deep into the southern Aleppo countryside has been attributed in large part to the Iranian leadership during the offensive.[60]

    Preparations[]

    The origins of the planning of the offensive in Aleppo could be traced back to Gen. Qasem Soleimani's visit to Moscow in July 2015. Gen. Soleimani was reportedly sent to Syria by the supreme leader of Iran himself, Ali Khamenei, in order to discuss military matters with his Russian couterparts and coordinate a joint escalation of forces in Syria.[61]

    One month before the offensive south of Aleppo, the military launched another operation east of the city in an attempt to break the two-year siege of the Kuweyres military air base.

    Major General Qasem Soleimani reportedly traveled from Latakia Governorate’s northeastern countryside to the Al-Safeera District of southern Aleppo in order to personally oversee the first phase of the large-scale offensive in the Azzan Mountains. Soleimani did not travel alone to Aleppo – he was escorted by a large convoy of armored vehicles that were largely made up of Iraqi Shi’i militiamen; these aforementioned fighters were tasked with carrying out the planned operations around the Aleppo Governorate’s countryside. Major General Suleimani traveled to Syria on the night of 12 October, to meet with the Iranian and Russian military advisors overseeing the large-scale operations around the Aleppo Governorate’s rural terrain. He was joined by six other senior military officers from the Iranian Revolutionary Guard.[25]

    The offensive[]

    Syrian Government offensive[]

    At 10 A.M. (Damascus Time) on the morning of 16 October, the Syrian Arab Army (SAA) – in coordination with Hezbollah, the National Defense Forces (NDF), and Kata’ebat Al-Ba’ath (Al-Ba’ath Battalions) – launched their large-scale southern Aleppo offensive after almost one year of inactivity along this rural area in the Azzan Mountains. According to field reports from the provincial capital, the Syrian Armed Forces and Hezbollah captured four sites from the Islamist rebels of Jabhat Al-Shamiyah (Levantine Front), Harakat Ahrar Al-Sham, and the Free Syrian Army (FSA), killing a number of combatants in the process of their advance in the Aleppo Governorate’s southern countryside.

    On 17 October, government forces backed by shi'ite militia captured the villages of ‘Abtayn, Al-Wadayhi and Qala’at Al-Najam, along with the Defense Battalion Base and the farms surrounding it.[57] Later that day, government forces advanced towards Al-Shughaydilah and secured the southern axis of ‘Abtayn and Tal Shaghib near the Khanaser-Ethria highway.[1]

    On 18 October, government forces captured the village of al-Wadihi.[62] With this, the military was in control of: al-Wadihi, al-Sabqiyya, Ebtin, Tal al-Shahid and Kdar, while it was unclear who controlled al-Shgaydalah after a rebel-counterattack to retake it from the Army.[42] The counterattack was carried out by Sham Revolutionary Brigades and Division 13, the latter a CIA-funded secular group, with videos showing a TOW missile attack destroying a bulldozer and later capturing a BMP-1.[7][63]

    On 19 October, government forces captured three hills: al-Snobrat, al-Mahruqat and al-Syriatel.[64] The commander of the Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki rebel group was killed in the fighting during the day.[65] Since the beginning of the offensive, the Army lost at least 11 armored vehicles to TOW AT missiles, according to the SOHR.[7] More weapons and ammunition were also supplied to the FSA through the weekend including mortars and TOWs according to Issa Al-Turkmani a Sultan Murad brigade spokesman.[7] It is also reported that Saudi Arabia alone has delivered 500 AT missiles this weekend, but another rebel spokesman said that the quantity of TOWs was inadequate for the scale of the assault, pointing out that once the missiles were distributed among the groups each ended up with just a couple of tubes, stating that they needed dozens more per group.[7][66]

    On 20 October, a rebel official stated the "losses are heavy on both sides and the regime’s advance is very slow". Meanwhile, tens of thousands of people have reportedly fled the southern Aleppo countryside.[9] On 21 October, government forces took control of Al-Sufayrah, Al-Huwayz and reportedly Al-Qarassi.[67][68]

    The following morning, 22 October, government forces backed by Shi'ite militia continued their advance and captured Balas, Kafr ‘Abid, Ghayghan (also known as Tal Maflass) and Al-Ayoubi (including its surrounding farms).[69] By this time, government forces reportedly lost at least 15 tanks, armored vehicles and bulldozers since the offensive begun.[58]

    ISIL offensives and rebel counterattacks[]

    On 23 October, ISIL launched an attack on the Khanaser-Ethria highway (the main government supply route between Hama and Aleppo), after detonating two VBIED's, and captured 6 kilometres (3.7 miles) of a road. Subsequently, government forces recaptured some parts of it.[70] The clashes over the next 24 hours resulted in the death of 28 ISIL fighters and 21 soldiers of the Syrian army.[50] According to the IUCA, the attack was coordinated with the rebels.[71] That day, 24 rebels (including the military leader of the Thwar al-Sham battalions and a commander of the Army of Mujahedeen) were killed in the southern Aleppo countryside,[50] while a rebel spokesman claimed that SAA losses of vehicles had reached 21.[45] At the end of the day, rebels recaptured al-Hamra village,[72] while government forces reportedly recaptured most of the Khanaser-Ethria highway.[73]

    On 24 October, Army sources reported that it had recaptured the western outskirts of Ithriyah, however the main supply route to Aleppo remained cut off.[6] That day, a second leader in the Nur al-Din Zanki Movement was killed, while a rebel and NDF commander were wounded in the Aleppo countryside.[74] The number of government fighters killed at the Khanaser-Ethria highway rose to at least 43.[43] At the end of the day, ISIL launched an attack on the eastern suburbs of Aleppo city and captured Tal Reeman and Al-Salihiyah, before government fighters could repel their further attacks with the help of Russian airplanes.[75]

    On 25 October, rebels attacked, captured and eventually lost the strategically important cement plant area on the outskirts of Aleppo's Sheikh Saeed neighborhood after heavy clashes that led to the death of 14 government fighters and 10 rebels.[41] Meanwhile, government forces reportedly recaptured two checkpoints along the Khanaser-Ethria highway, before a sandstorm forcibly halted all military operations in Aleppo.[76] According to the SOHR, ISIL was still in control of parts of the highway, blocking the main supply route to Aleppo.[41]

    On 26 October, ISIL re-attacked the Khanaser-Ethria highway and captured a checkpoint, killing eight government fighters. Meanwhile, rebels recaptured Tell Hamiriyyeh hill and Khalsa farms in the southern Aleppo countryside.[40] The next day, ISIL also attacked the strategical town of As-Safira in southeastern Aleppo after detonating four VBIED's in the area. ISIL captured "key" military positions near the town and managed to enter Tel Aran.[77] ISIL also managed to enter the northern district of As-Safira, but were reportedly pushed out with the help of reinforcements.[78][79] Later that day, government forces also regained their positions in the al-Safira area.[51]

    On 28 October, ISIL recaptured the town of Jabboul,[80] but were repelled by government fighters at Al-Aziziyah, where ISIL reportedly suffered 50 dead.[56] Russian airstrikes bombed a rebel headquarters in the Aleppo countryside and killed at least 7 rebels that day.[51]

    Renewed government advances[]

    On 30 October, government forces recaptured the Tal Ithriya hill near the Khanaser-Ethria highway.[16][81] The Syrian army also reportedly repelled ISIL at Sheikh Hilal and Al-Sa’an.[81] According to the same sources, the Army also carried out a successful mission near the town of Khan Touman and captured farms located between the strategic towns of Khan Touman and Qarass in southern Aleppo.[82] On the next day, the Syrian Army and its allies captured the villages of Jamaymah and Maryameen in the southern countryside of Aleppo.[83]

    On 1 November, government forces continued their march through southern Aleppo countryside, capturing the small village Tal Dadeen and of its strategic hilltop and the small village of Khirbat Al-Shalash, this assault reportedly resulted in a complete withdrawal of rebels inside these villages to their stronghold at Al-Hadher. Rebels recaptured al-Hobaz hill, al-Jam’ia hill and al-Qarasi.[22][84] But later confusion ensued as to whom controlled the villages with local activists dening that the Islamist rebels and the FSA where in full control of Tal Huwayz and Al-Qarassi,[84] while the rebels claiming that they also tried taking Al-Waddihi - a town that lies beyond Tal Huwayz and Al-Qarassi. The FSA failed in taking Al-Waddihi but not before managing to destroy an SAA tank and a Shilka which were parked outside the town guarding it.[85] [86]

    On 2 November, government reportedly also took al-Shughaydilah and the town of Hadidi near the strategic town of Al-Hadher and advanced inside the town of Kafr Haddad.[87] Later, the Syrian Army and Hezbollah captured the eastern entrance of the strategic town Al-Hadher after intense firefights with Islamist rebels and Free Syrian Army.[88] Then ISIL captured the village of Ta’anah and its hill from Syrian troops.[14] At the end of the day, rebels recaptured "wide parts" of Jabal al-Banjira.[89]

    On 3 November, government forces reportedly recaptured Al-Ta’anah from ISIL, while the same sources claimed that a large ISIL attack on Tal-Arn was repelled.[90] The following day, on 4 November, Syrian troops regain control over the strategic Khanasser-Ithriya Highway after 12 days of clashes with ISIL, killing 7 fighters - 4 through beheading.[55] While retreating towards al-Tabbaqa, a huge ISIS convoy was reportedly strucked by Russian airplanes; the death rate reported in this attack was 50+.[15]

    On 5 November, rebels recaptured Telat al-Maqbara and Telat al-Saru.[23] On 6 November, Syrian Army captured the village of Kafr Haddad.[91][92]

    On 8 November, government forces captured Tal Mamou, al-Aziziyah and Talaylat (all of which are positioned directly south of Al-Hadhir).[93] Later, rebels briefly retook the village of Talaylat before a counterattack by the Syrian army and their allies drove them out once again, allowing a resumption of the advance on the town of Al-Hadhir.[94][95] On 9 November, rebels recaptured positions in Talaylat and al-Aziziyah.[96]

    On 10 November, government forces recaptured the village of Aziziyah.[97] Also, government forces captured the villages of Makahlah,[98] Um Tawous and Kherbet al-Mahal.[99] Rebels recaptured a number of farms around Al-Hadhir later that day.[100]

    On 11 November, rebels recaptured Kherbet al-Mahal and parts of Tam al-Kosa.[101]

    On 12 November, government forces captured the villages of Musharfah Al-Murayj and Tal Al-Arba’een after clashes with rebels.[102] Later, government forces took control of the key rebel-held town of Al-Hader south of city Aleppo[11][103] and the town of Al-Eis and its surroundings after heavy clashes with rebels. Four tanks and APC's were destroyed by rebel TOW crews.[44][104] On the same day, government forces captured the villages of Khirbat Al-Muhal and Tal Bajjar.[105]

    On 13 November, government forces captured the large village of Banes the nearby village of Rasm Al-Sahreej in the southern countryside of Aleppo after heavy clashes with rebels,[106] followed by the capture of Jabal Al-Eiss and the hilltop village of Tal Bajjar, which is located just south of Jabal Al-Eiss, with this last capture the government forces have taken control of 341 square kilometers of territory.[107] On the same day Government forces and allies broke through west yet again capturing the town of Tell Hadiya adjacent to the Idlib-Aleppo highway.[108][109] Later, government forces attacked Birnah and Zaytan around ICARDA base and captured Birnah.[110][111]

    On the same day, government forces and allies had cut the Aleppo-Damascus highway by seizing several strategic sites including the village of Al-Barqoum and the ICARDA base.[112][113][114] Also, government forces recaptured the village of Tulaytat.[12]

    On 17 November, government forces captured Khalasah (known as Halash), after they advance from the nearby village Al-Hamraa.[115] On the next day, rebels recaptured the five farms (known as the Banes farms) near the village of Banes.[116][117]

    On 20 November, government troops captured Burj Al-Rouman and advanced to the village of Al-‘Umariyah, to the southwest of Al-Safira.[118]

    By this point, the military halted their offensive, in expectation of the arrival of new T-90 tanks, which would come by the end of the month.[119]

    Rebel counter-attack[]

    On 21 November, rebels launched a counter-offensive at Tal al-Eis,[120] while government forces re-entered Khan Tuman and reportedly seized several points in the eastern district of Aleppo city.[121] By 23 November, the rebels recaptured seven villages and two hills, including: Kafr Haddad, Tal Al-Bakarah, Tal Mamou, Tal Al-Banijayrah, Al-‘Aziziyah, Al-Makahlah, Al-Khariyah, Tal Bajar and Birnah.[21] Al-Nusra seized a number of US-made Humvees from Shia militia near Tal Mamou.[122] On 28 November, the rebels recaptured al-Maryoudah village.[123]

    Strategic analysis[]

    Christopher Kozak of the Institute for the Study of War speculated that the assault was nothing more than a diversionary tactic intended to move rebel forces away from reopening the access to Nubl and cut the Aleppo–Turkey highway, their primary objective in his opinion.[58]

    Hezbollah's main incentive in participating in the offensive is believed to be similar to their agenda elsewhere, securing Shi'ite villages. Their ultimate objective is believed to be reaching the villages of Kafriya and Al-Fu'ah, thus lifting the siege imposed by Al-Nusra Front.[124]

    See also[]

    References[]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Leith Fadel. "News Alert: Syrian Army and Hezbollah Advance to Al-Shughaydilah in Southern Aleppo". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/news-alert-syrian-army-and-hezbollah-advance-to-al-shughaydilah-in-southern-aleppo/. 
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Leith Fadel. "Two Brigades of Kata'eb Hezbollah Arrive in Aleppo Amid the Presence of General Suleimani". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/two-brigades-of-kataeb-hezbollah-arrive-in-aleppo-amid-the-presence-of-general-suleimani/. 
    3. ↑ Leith Fadel. "More Iraqi Paramilitary Arrive in Aleppo Under Orders from the Iranian Revolutionary Guard". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/more-iraqi-paramilitary-arrive-in-aleppo-under-orders-from-the-iranian-revolutionary-guard/. 
    4. ↑ Leith Fadel (2 November 2015). "Syrian Army and Hezbollah Make Huge Gains in Southern Aleppo: Military Operations Begin in Al-Hadher". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-make-huge-gains-in-southern-aleppo-military-operations-begin-in-al-hadher/. Retrieved 2 November 2015. 
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "گزارش جنگ سوریه عراق". Twitter. https://twitter.com/warreports/status/657940541678747648. Retrieved 25 October 2015. 
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Leith Fadel. "Breaking: Syrian Army Reopens the Ithriyah-Salamiyah Road in East Hama After Defeating ISIS". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-reopens-the-ithriyah-salamiyah-road-in-east-hama-after-defeating-isis/. Retrieved 25 October 2015. 
    7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 "Syrian rebels say they receive more weapons for Aleppo battle". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/10/19/us-mideast-crisis-syria-aleppo-idUSKCN0SD16O20151019. 
    8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Hezbollah and the Syrian Army Capture Several Sites in Southern Aleppo; Dagestani Emir Killed". 23 October 2015. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-the-syrian-army-capture-several-sites-in-southern-aleppo-dagestani-emir-killed/. Retrieved 23 October 2015. 
    9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Russia Makes an Impact in Syrian Battle for Control of Aleppo
    10. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Syrian Army and Hezbollah Capture 408 Square Kilometers of Territory in Southern Aleppo". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-capture-408-square-kilometers-of-territory-in-southern-aleppo/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Syria army takes key rebel town south of Aleppo: military source". The Daily Star. 12 November 2015. http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2015/Nov-12/322778-pro-syrian-govt-forces-seize-aleppo-province-town-of-al-hader-near-kweires-airbase-from-isis.ashx. 
    12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Leith Fadel. "Syrian Army and Hezbollah Capture Several Villages in Southern Aleppo En Route to Cutting Off the M-5 Highway". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-capture-several-villages-in-southern-aleppo-en-route-to-cutting-off-the-m-5-highway/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Leith Fadel. "ISIS Offensives Prove Costly: Over 200 Terrorists Killed in 3 Days". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-offensives-prove-costly-over-200-terrorists-killed-in-3-days/. 
    14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Master. "Violent clashes take place in the countryside of Aleppo, while warplanes attack the village of Harbel". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/11/violent-clashes-take-place-in-the-countryside-of-aleppo-while-warplanes-attack-the-village-of-harbel/. 
    15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Syrian army regains control of Aleppo supply route". The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon. http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2015/Nov-04/321563-syria-army-reopens-road-to-govt-held-parts-of-aleppo.ashx. 
    16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Master. "The regime forces advance in the eastern countryside of Hama, and warplanes hit al- Hara area in Daraa". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/10/the-regime-forces-advance-in-the-eastern-countryside-of-hama-and-warplanes-hit-al-hara-area-in-daraa/. Retrieved 1 November 2015. 
    17. ↑ Master. "The regime forces advance towards Khanaser – Athrayya road seizing hills in it, while the schools closed in the city of Aleppo fearing of aerial bombardment". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/10/the-regime-forces-advance-towards-khanaser-athrayya-road-seizing-hills-in-it-while-the-schools-closed-in-the-city-of-aleppo-fearing-of-aerial-bombardment/. 
    18. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Hezbollah and the Syrian Army Capture Tal Ithriyah: ISIS Controls 1km of Highway in East Hama". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-the-syrian-army-capture-tal-ithriyah-isis-controls-1km-of-highway-in-east-hama/. 
    19. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Syrian Army and Popular Committees Capture Several Sites from ISIS in East Hama". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-popular-committees-capture-several-sites-from-isis-in-east-hama/. 
    20. ↑ Leith Fadel. "News Alert: Syrian Army and Popular Committees Capture the Ithriya Petrol Station in East Hama". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/news-alert-syrian-army-and-popular-committees-capture-the-ithriya-petrol-station-in-east-hama/. 
    21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Islamist Rebels Capture Several Sites in Southern Aleppo
    22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 jack. "Human losses in IS and regime forces during clashes in Aleppo". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/11/human-losses-in-is-and-regime-forces-during-clashes-in-aleppo/. 
    23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Syrian rebels seize town in west in blow to government". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/11/05/us-mideast-crisis-syria-idUSKCN0SU0XY20151105#OUOYsmpcDK3wmZbr.97. 
    24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Leith Fadel. "Where is Major General Qassem Suleimani?". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/where-is-major-general-qassem-suleimani/#prettyPhoto. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Leith Fadel. "General Suleimani Oversees the Large-Scale Offensive in Southern Aleppo". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/general-suleimani-oversees-the-large-scale-offensive-in-southern-aleppo/. Retrieved 16 October 2015. 
    26. ↑ "Inside Iran’s Secret War in Syria". The Daily Beast. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/11/13/inside-iran-s-secret-war-in-syria.html. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    27. ↑ "Leith Abou Fadel". Twitter. https://twitter.com/leithfadel/status/656860688342720513. Retrieved 25 October 2015. 
    28. ↑ "Syria Comment  » Archives Overview of some pro-Assad Militias - Syria Comment". Syria Comment. http://www.joshualandis.com/blog/overview-of-some-pro-assad-militias/. Retrieved 25 October 2015. 
    29. ↑ "Farsnews". http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13940825000955. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    30. ↑ http://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2015/10/19/syrian-troops-advance-toward-air-base-besieged-by-is
    31. ↑ Master. "2 commanders killed in the ongoing clashes in the southern countryside of Alappo". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/10/2-commanders-killed-in-the-ongoing-clashes-in-the-southern-countryside-of-alappo/. 
    32. ↑ "Syria, Battlefield’s News (1) ~ Aleppo: dozens of FSA, al-Qaeda, Daesh commanders killed by SAAF and Allies ~ [FNA Reports + Related Videos"]. the real SyrianFreePress Network. https://syrianfreepress.wordpress.com/2015/11/05/saaf-russaf-hez-rep/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    33. ↑ Jack. "استشهاد القائد العسكري لحركة نور الدين الزنكي في المعارك المتواصلة بريف حلب الجنوبي". المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان. http://www.syriahr.com/2015/11/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    34. ↑ "Charles Lister". Twitter. https://twitter.com/Charles_Lister/status/657918086243315712. Retrieved 25 October 2015. 
    35. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Syrian Army Kills the Lead Field Commander of Al-Nusra in Southern Aleppo Amid the Capture of Kafr Haddad". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-kills-the-lead-field-commander-of-al-nusra-in-southern-aleppo-amid-the-capture-of-kafr-haddad/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    36. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Syrian Army and Hezbollah Capture Talaylat in Southern Aleppo; Moroccan Field Commander Killed". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-capture-talaylat-in-southern-aleppo-moroccan-field-commander-killed/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 3 ISIS field commanders in Aleppo province killed in Russian airstrikes – General Staff
    38. ↑ "What the Aleppo offensive hides - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East". Al-Monitor. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/10/syria-aleppo-conquest-regime-armed-rebels.html#. Retrieved 25 October 2015. 
    39. ↑ This Is How Iran Just Raised the Stakes in Syria The National Interest
    40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Edward. "The "Islamic State" starts new attack on Khanasser–Athrayya road, control a checkpoint and kill 8 regime members". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/10/the-islamic-state-starts-new-attack-on-khanasser-athrayya-road-control-a-checkpoint-and-kill-8-regime-members/. 
    41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 "At least 14 NDF militiamen killed in an explosion on al- Ramosah road, and the regime forces retake the cement plant". http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/10/at-least-14-ndf-militiamen-killed-in-an-explosion-on-al-ramosah-road-and-the-regime-forces-retake-the-cement-plant/. Retrieved 26 October 2015. 
    42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 "About 60 victims killed during the regime forces’ advancement in the southern countryside of Aleppo". SOHR. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/10/about-60-victims-killed-during-the-regime-forces-advancement-in-the-southern-countryside-of-aleppo/. 
    43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Master. "More than 43 regime’s soldiers and pro-regime militiamen killed in clashes on Khanser – Aathrayya road the last 48 hours". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/10/more-than-43-regimes-soldiers-and-pro-regime-militiamen-killed-in-clashes-on-khanser-aathrayya-road-the-last-48-hours/. Retrieved 25 October 2015. 
    44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Edward. "Destroying armored vehicle for the regime forces in a counter attack by the factions in the southern countryside of Aleppo and clashes in the eastern countryside of Aleppo". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/11/destroying-armored-vehicle-for-the-regime-forces-in-a-counter-attack-by-the-factions-in-the-southern-countryside-of-aleppo-and-clashes-in-the-eastern-countryside-of-aleppo/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 "American TOW Missiles Are A Game Changer Against Assad". http://www.vocativ.com/news/242954/american-tow-missiles-are-a-game-changer-against-assad/. Retrieved 25 October 2015. 
    46. ↑ http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-capture-the-village-of-burj-al-rouman-in-southern-aleppo/
    47. ↑ http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13940901000535
    48. ↑ Master. "fighters killed in clashes in the southern countryside of Aleppo, and shelling targets the countryside of Daraa". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/11/fighters-killed-in-clashes-in-the-southern-countryside-of-aleppo-and-shelling-targets-the-countryside-of-daraa/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    49. ↑ "Syrian rebels say they receive more weapons for Aleppo battle". Mail Online. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/reuters/article-3279369/Syrian-rebels-say-receive-weapons-Aleppo-battle.html. 
    50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 Master. "More than 90 IS militants, rebels and personnel in the regime forces killed in the violent clashes in the countryside of both Aleppo and Hama". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/10/more-than-90-is-militants-rebels-and-personnel-in-the-regime-forces-killed-in-the-violent-clashes-in-the-countryside-of-both-aleppo-and-hama/. Retrieved 25 October 2015. 
    51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 Edward. "Russian airstrikes target a headquarter and kill 2 fighters in northern countryside of Aleppo and the clashes continue". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/10/russian-airstrikes-target-a-headquarter-and-kill-2-fighters-in-northern-countryside-of-aleppo-and-the-clashes-continue/. Retrieved 1 November 2015. 
    52. ↑ jack. "Continued clashes on many fronts of Aleppo countryside". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/10/continued-clashes-on-many-fronts-of-aleppo-countryside/. 
    53. ↑ jack. "More than 100 killed and wounded during clashes around Kweres military airport". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/11/more-than-100-killed-and-wounded-during-clashes-around-kweres-military-airport/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    54. ↑ "Battle to break ISIS siege of Kweires airbase caught on camera (GRAPHIC VIDEO)". RT English. https://www.rt.com/news/321643-battle-isis-siege-kweires/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 Edward. "The regime forces kill 7 ISIS members and behead 4 of them in Khanasser-Athrayya road". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/11/the-regime-forces-kill-7-isis-members-and-behead-4-of-them-in-khanasser-athrayya-road/. 
    56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Leith Fadel. "ISIS Suffers Devastating Defeat at Al-Safira: 50+ Killed in East Aleppo". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-suffers-devastating-defeat-at-al-safira-50-killed-in-east-aleppo/. 
    57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 Leith Fadel. "Breaking: Syrian Army and Hezbollah Launch Their Southern Aleppo Offensive - 4 Sites Captured". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-and-hezbollah-launch-their-southern-aleppo-offensive-4-sites-captured/. 
    58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 "This map shows the intensifying battle for Syria's largest city before the war". Business Insider. 22 October 2015. http://www.businessinsider.com/this-map-shows-the-intensifying-battle-for-syrias-largest-city-before-the-war-2015-10. Retrieved 25 October 2015. 
    59. ↑ http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/reports-of-general-qassem-suleimani-being-severely-wounded-in-southern-aleppo-prove-false/
    60. ↑ http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/11/syria-opposition-advance-hama-countryside.html
    61. ↑ "How Iranian general plotted out Syrian assault in Moscow". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/10/06/us-mideast-crisis-syria-soleimani-insigh-idUSKCN0S02BV20151006. Retrieved 16 October 2015. 
    62. ↑ Master. "The violent clashes continue in the southern countryside of Aleppo, and the regime forces advance in the area again". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/10/the-violent-clashes-continue-in-the-southern-countryside-of-aleppo-and-the-regime-forces-advance-in-the-area-again/. 
    63. ↑ "Syria - FSA Division 13 aftermath of SAA bulldozer hit with BGM-71 TOW near Atbin, Hama 17/10". YouTube. 18 October 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4SzO8wFuI0. 
    64. ↑ Edward. "The regime forces advance again in the southern countryside of Aleppo and take control of 3 hills". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/10/the-regime-forces-advance-again-in-the-southern-countryside-of-aleppo-and-take-control-of-3-hills/. 
    65. ↑ "Syrian troops advance toward air base besieged by IS - US News". US News & World Report. http://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2015/10/19/syrian-troops-advance-toward-air-base-besieged-by-is. 
    66. ↑ "CIA-supplied anti-tank missiles turned Syria into a 'proxy war by happenstance' - Business Insider". Business Insider. 13 October 2015. http://www.businessinsider.com/cia-supplied-anti-tank-missiles-turned-syria-into-a-proxy-war-by-happenstance-2015-10. 
    67. ↑ Edward. "The regime forces advance again and take control of villages in the southern and eastern countryside of Aleppo". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/10/the-regime-forces-advance-again-and-take-control-of-villages-in-the-southern-and-eastern-countryside-of-aleppo/. Retrieved 25 October 2015. 
    68. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Syrian Army and Hezbollah Capture Three Villages in Southern Aleppo". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-capture-three-villages-in-southern-aleppo/. Retrieved 25 October 2015. 
    69. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Syrian Army and Hezbollah Make Massive Gains in Southern Aleppo: Rebel Defenses Collapse". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-make-massive-gains-in-southern-aleppo-rebel-defenses-collapse/. Retrieved 25 October 2015. 
    70. ↑ jack. "Violent clashes killed no less than 40 militants in Aleppo countryside". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/10/violent-clashes-killed-no-less-than-40-militants-in-aleppo-countryside/. Retrieved 25 October 2015. 
    71. ↑ "IUCA". Twitter. https://twitter.com/IUCAnalysts/status/657547319181709312. Retrieved 25 October 2015. 
    72. ↑ Edward. "Continuous clashes on the road between Khanasser–Atharayya and booby trapped vehicle in the vicinity of Kweris airbase". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/10/continuous-clashes-on-the-road-between-khanasser-atharayya-and-booby-trapped-vehicle-in-the-vicinity-of-kweris-airbase/. Retrieved 25 October 2015. 
    73. ↑ Leith Fadel. "ISIS and Jabhat Al-Nusra Threaten the Syrian Army's Main Supply Route to Aleppo". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-and-jabhat-al-nusra-threaten-the-syrian-armys-main-supply-route-to-aleppo/. Retrieved 25 October 2015. 
    74. ↑ Edward. "Leader in Nur al-Din Zanki Movement die in Aleppo’s battels and attempt to assassinate the commander of Ajnad al-Sham". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/10/leader-in-nur-al-din-zanki-movement-die-in-aleppos-battels-and-attempt-to-assassinate-the-commander-of-ajnad-al-sham/. Retrieved 25 October 2015. 
    75. ↑ Leith Fadel. "ISIS Launches Wide-Scale Offensive in East Aleppo". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-launches-wide-scale-offensive-in-east-aleppo/. Retrieved 25 October 2015. 
    76. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Syrian Army Recovers Several Points from ISIS Amid the Sandstorm Engulfing East Hama". Al-Masdar news. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-recovers-several-points-from-isis-amid-the-sandstorm-engulfing-east-hama/. Retrieved 26 October 2015. 
    77. ↑ "ISIS advances in eastern Aleppo after clashes with Syrian forces". ARA News. http://aranews.net/2015/10/isis-advances-in-eastern-aleppo-after-clashes-with-syrian-forces/. 
    78. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Massive ISIS Offensive in East Aleppo Stalls as the Syrian Army Completely Recovers Al-Safira". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/massive-isis-offensive-in-east-aleppo-stalls-as-the-syrian-army-completely-recovers-al-safira/. Retrieved 1 November 2015. 
    79. ↑ "Elijah J. Magnier". Twitter. https://twitter.com/EjmAlrai/status/659087879281463298. Retrieved 1 November 2015. 
    80. ↑ Leith Fadel. "ISIS Recaptures Jabboul City in East Aleppo". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-recaptures-jabboul-city-in-east-aleppo/. Retrieved 1 November 2015. 
    81. ↑ 81.0 81.1 Leith Fadel. "Hezbollah and the Syrian Army Capture Tal Ithriyah: ISIS Controls 1km of Highway in East Hama". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-and-the-syrian-army-capture-tal-ithriyah-isis-controls-1km-of-highway-in-east-hama/. Retrieved 1 November 2015. 
    82. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Breaking: Syrian Army and Hezbollah Advance to Khan Touman in Southern Aleppo". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-and-hezbollah-advance-to-khan-touman-in-southern-aleppo/. Retrieved 1 November 2015. 
    83. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Breaking: Syrian Army and Hezbollah Capture Jamaymah and Maryameen in Southern Aleppo". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-and-hezbollah-capture-jamaymah-and-maryameen-in-southern-aleppo/. Retrieved 1 November 2015. 
    84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 Leith Fadel. "Syrian Army and Hezbollah Continue to Roll in Southern Aleppo: 2 more Villages Captured". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-continue-to-roll-in-southern-aleppo-2-more-villages-captured/. 
    85. ↑ "مميز#فتح_حلب#كتائب_ثوار_الشام تحويل دبابة الى كتلة لهب على برج السيرياتل في الوضيحي بصاروخ التاو - Youtube". Youtube. 1 November 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HddcyoZVe_U. 
    86. ↑ "راااائع #فتح_حلب #كتائب_ثوار_الشام تدمير عربة شيلكا على تلة توفيق في قرية الوضيحي بصاروخ التاو - Youtube". Youtube. 1 November 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ll5LB3YYDR0. 
    87. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Syrian Army and Hezbollah Make Huge Gains in Southern Aleppo: Military Operations Begin in Al-Hadher". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-make-huge-gains-in-southern-aleppo-military-operations-begin-in-al-hadher/. 
    88. ↑ Leith Fadel. "News Alert: Syrian Army and Hezbollah Enter Rebel Stronghold in Southern Aleppo". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/news-alert-syrian-army-and-hezbollah-enter-rebel-stronghold-in-southern-aleppo/. 
    89. ↑ Master. "The rebel and Islamist factions re-advance in al- Banjira in the southern countryside of Aleppo, and intense airstrikes carried out on the eastern countryside". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/11/the-rebel-and-islamist-factions-re-advance-in-al-banjira-in-the-southern-countryside-of-aleppo-and-intense-airstrikes-carried-out-on-the-eastern-countryside/. 
    90. ↑ Leith Fadel. "ISIS Storms Tal 'Arn in East Aleppo While the Syrian Army Recaptures Al-Ta'anah in the North". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-storms-tal-arn-in-east-aleppo-while-the-syrian-army-recaptures-al-taanah-in-the-north/. 
    91. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Breaking: Syrian Army and Hezbollah Capture Kafr Haddad in Northeastern Idlib". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-and-hezbollah-capture-kafr-haddad-in-northeastern-idlib/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    92. ↑ Edward. "Clashes continue in the southern countryside of Aleppo and airstrikes on the city and northern countryside". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/11/clashes-continue-in-the-southern-countryside-of-aleppo-and-airstrikes-on-the-city-and-northern-countryside/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    93. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Breaking: Syrian Army and Hezbollah Capture Tal Mamou and 'Aziziyah in Southern Aleppo". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-and-hezbollah-capture-tal-mamou-and-aziziyah-in-southern-aleppo/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    94. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Syrian Army and Hezbollah Reclaim Talaylat Before Entering the Strategic City of Al-Hadher in Southern Aleppo". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-reclaim-talaylat-before-entering-the-strategic-city-of-al-hadher-in-southern-aleppo/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    95. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Syrian Army and Hezbollah Make Several Gains in Southern Aleppo While Ahrar Al-Sham Recaptures Talaylat". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-make-several-gains-in-southern-aleppo-while-ahrar-al-sham-recaptures-talaylat/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    96. ↑ jack. "Clashes continue in Aleppo between IS and regime forces". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/11/clashes-continue-in-aleppo-between-is-and-regime-forces/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    97. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Syrian Army and Hezbollah Flank the Rebel Stronghold of Al-Hadher in Southern Aleppo". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-flank-the-rebel-stronghold-of-al-hadher-in-southern-aleppo/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    98. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Breaking: Syrian Army and Hezbollah Capture Makahlah in Southern Aleppo". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-and-hezbollah-capture-makahlah-in-southern-aleppo/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    99. ↑ Master. "The regime forces advance in the southern countryside of Aleppo, and clashes take place in the southeast of Homs". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/11/the-regime-forces-advance-in-the-southern-countryside-of-aleppo-and-clashes-take-place-in-the-southeast-of-homs/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    100. ↑ Master. "The violent clashes continue in the vicinity of Kwayres airbase, while the factions advance in the southern countryside of Aleppo". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/11/the-violent-clashes-still-taking-place-in-the-vicinity-of-kwayres-airbase-while-the-factions-advance-in-the-southern-countryside-of-aleppo/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    101. ↑ Master. "The factions continue to advance in the southern countryside of Aleppo". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/11/the-factions-continue-to-advance-in-the-southern-countryside-of-aleppo/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    102. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Breaking: Syrian Army and Hezbollah Capture 2 Villages in Southern Aleppo". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-and-hezbollah-capture-2-villages-in-southern-aleppo/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    103. ↑ "‫Timeline Photos - وكالة قاسيون للأنباء - Qasion News Agency - Facebook". https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=565453380268382. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    104. ↑ الله اللبناني وقوات النظام يسيطران على بلدة العيس ويبسطان سيطرة نارية على ريف حلب الجنوبي ومعارك مستمرة قرب مطار كويرس
    105. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Syrian Army and Hezbollah Sweep Through Southern Aleppo: Islamist Rebels Suffer Massive Defeat". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-sweep-through-southern-aleppo-islamist-rebels-suffer-massive-defeat/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    106. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Islamist Rebel Defenses Collapsing in Southern Aleppo: Two More Villages Captuted by the Syrian Army and Hezbollah". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/islamist-rebel-defenses-collapsing-in-southern-aleppo-two-more-villages-captuted-by-the-syrian-army-and-hezbollah/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    107. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Breaking: Syrian Army and Hezbollah Officially Capture the Strategic Town of Jabal Al-Eiss in Southern Aleppo". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-and-hezbollah-officially-capture-the-strategic-town-of-jabal-al-eiss-in-southern-aleppo/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    108. ↑ "Syrian army captures village in Aleppo province: Monitor, state TV". http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/166436/World/Region/Syrian-army-captures-village-in-Aleppo-province-Mo.aspx. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    109. ↑ "Syrian army captures village in Aleppo province: monitor, state TV". Yahoo News. 13 November 2015. http://news.yahoo.com/syrian-army-captures-village-aleppo-province-monitor-state-113912327.html. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    110. ↑ khaled. "قصف مكثف على ريف حلب الجنوبي ومعارك عنيفة تشهدها المنطقة". المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان. http://www.syriahr.com/2015/11/%d9%82%d8%b5%d9%81-%d9%85%d9%83%d8%ab%d9%81-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%83-%d8%b9%d9%86%d9%8a/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    111. ↑ "‫#حلب قوات الأسد تسيطر على قرى #بانص و... - لجان التنسيق المحلية في سوريا - Facebook". https://www.facebook.com/LCCSy/posts/1259444277416039. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    112. ↑ Master. "Intense shelling on the southern countryside of Aleppo, while violent clashes erupt in the area". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/11/intense-shelling-on-the-southern-countryside-of-aleppo-while-violent-clashes-erupt-in-the-area/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    113. ↑ Master. "The regime forces continue to advance towards the northeastern countryside of Idlib and the southeastern countryside of Aleppo seizing new areas". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/11/the-regime-forces-continue-to-advance-towards-the-northeastern-countryside-of-idlib-and-the-southeastern-countryside-of-aleppo-seizing-new-areas/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    114. ↑ edward. "قوات النظام تستمر في تقدمها باتجاه ريف إدلب الشمالي الشرقي وريف حلب الجنوبي الشرقي وتسيطر على مزيد من المناطق". المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان. http://www.syriahr.com/2015/11/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
    115. ↑ Syrian Army and Hezbollah Capture Halash in Southern Aleppo
    116. ↑ Unidentified people kill the commander of an Islamic Brigade at the outskirts of Aleppo city and clashes in the southern countryside
    117. ↑ Rebel factions to regain new military points of the southern countryside in Aleppo
    118. ↑ Syrian Army and Hezbollah Capture the Village of Burj Al-Rouman in Southern Aleppo
    119. ↑ Russian Advanced T-90 Tanks Arrive in Southern Aleppo to Resume the Syrian Army Offensive
    120. ↑ Islamist Rebels Launch Counter-Offensive at Tal Al-Eiss in Southern Aleppo
    121. ↑ Breaking: Syrian Army and Hezbollah Reenter Khan Touman in Southern Aleppo
    122. ↑ "Al Nusrah Front fights Iraqi militia in Aleppo | The Long War Journal". http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/11/al-nusrah-front-fights-iraqi-militia-in-aleppo.php. Retrieved 2015-11-29. 
    123. ↑ The regime forces regain control of two villages in the eastern countryside of Aleppo and dozens wounded in bombing by the factions on Sheikh Maksoud neighborhood
    124. ↑ Leith Fadel. "Hezbollah Determined to Reach Al-Fou'aa and Kafraya in Idlib: 17km to go". Al-Masdar News. http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/hezbollah-determined-to-reach-al-fouaa-and-kafraya-in-idlib-17km-to-go/. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
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