Geography | |
---|---|
Location | Bay of Bengal |
Coordinates | 20°45′29″N 87°05′08″E / 20.75804°N 87.085533°ECoordinates: 20°45′29″N 87°05′08″E / 20.75804°N 87.085533°E |
Length | 2 km (1.2 mi) |
Country | |
India | |
State | Odisha |
District | Bhadrak district Balasore district |
Dr. Abdul Kalam Island, formerly known as Wheeler Island, is an island off the coast of Odisha, India, approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) from the state capital Bhubaneshwar. The Integrated Test Range missile testing facility is located on the island. The island was originally named after English commandant Lieutenant Wheeler. On 4 September 2015, the island was renamed to honour the late Indian president, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam.[1][2][3]
Geography[]
Abdul Kalam Island is located in the Bay of Bengal approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) off the eastern coast of India and about 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of Chandipur in Balasore district, Odisha. The island is about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) in length and 390 acres (1.6 km2) in area.[4] The nearest port is Dhamra Port.
Integrated Test Range[]
The Integrated Test Range, sometimes referred to as the Interim Test Range, is a missile testing facility composed of two complexes - Launch Complex-IV (LC-IV) located on Abdul Kalam Island and Launch Complex-III (LC-III) located at Chandipur.[5]
The Indian government began searching for a suitable location to construct a dedicated military missile test range and begin development of the Agni series of missile in the early 1980s. The DRDO constructed an interim facility adjacent to the Proof and Experimental Establishment (PXE) at Chandipur. In 1986, the Union Government announced plans to construct a National Test Range at Baliapal in Balasore district, the same district as Chandipur. This would have required the government to move 130,000 people out of 130 villages located in the area.[5]
The Odisha government allotted Abdul Kalam Island to the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in 1993, following A.P.J. Abdul Kalam's request for land to build a missile testing facility. Kalam referred to the island as his "Theatre of Action".[6][7] In 1995, the Government abandoned the plan to move the test range from Chandipur to Baliapal, and instead built a new test site known as Launch Complex-IV at Wheeler Island.[5]
Abdul Kalam Island is the missile test facility for most missiles of India; Akash Missiles, Agni Missiles, Astra Missile, BrahMos, Nirbhay, Prahaar Missile, Prithvi Missiles, Shaurya Missile, Advanced Air Defence (AAD), and Prithvi Air Defence. Access to the test facility is by ship, as there is no bridge or airport connecting the island to the mainland. There is a small helipad, but missile airframes and all supplies, construction materials and heavy equipment arrive by ship.[4]
The maiden successful test fire of the Prithvi missile was conducted on Wheeler Island on 30 November 1993. At the time, Wheeler Island was uninhabited.[6][7] Since the construction of the Integrated Test Range, entry to Abdul Kalam Island is restricted for the general public, and only DRDO personnel and Defence Ministry officials are permitted to travel to the island.[8]
Biodiversity[]
Abdul Kalam Island is located close to the Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary, the world's largest rookery of the endangered Olive Ridley sea turtles. Abdul Kalam Island's sandy beaches are a favoured nesting location for the turtles. The bright lights installed at the missile testing facility on the island caused some baby turtles to get lost as they were attracted towards the lights. Many baby turtles would fail to find their way to sea, and some died as a result. To protect the turtles, all lights at the facility are dimmed or masked during nesting season, and missile testing is restrained during the turtles' nesting and breeding season.[9][10]
In May 2013, increasing concern has been drawn to the change of the island's topography, owing to sand erosion. Since the island is technically a shoal, seawater frequently causes sand-shifting. The situation is being monitored by geological experts from National Institute of Ocean Technology and the DRDO. [11]
Gallery[]
Abdul Kalam Island launches[]
Launch Date | Origin | Missile | Type | Operator | Range | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Akash | ||||||
24 May 2012 26 May 2012 6 June 2012 21 February 2014 24 February 2014 26 February 2014 2 May 2014 19 June 2014 18 November 2014 |
India | Akash | Surface to Air Missile (SAM) | Indian Army Indian Air Force Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) |
25 – 50 km | |
Agni | ||||||
28 March 2010 25 November 2010 1 December 2011 13 July 2012 12 December 2012 8 November 2013 11 April 2014 11 September 2014 |
India | Agni-I | Medium Range Ballistic Missile (MRBM) | Indian Army Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) |
700 – 1,250 km | |
23 November 2009 17 May 2010 10 December 2010 15 November 2011 30 September 2011 9 August 2012 7 April 2013 9 November 2014 |
India | Agni-II | Medium Range Ballistic Missile (MRBM) | Indian Army Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) |
2,000 – 3,000 km | |
12 April 2007 7 February 2010 23 July 2011 19 August 2012 21 September 2012 23 December 2013 16 April 2015 |
India | Agni-III | Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM) | Strategic Forces Command Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) |
3,500 – 5,000 km | |
19 September 2012 20 January 2014 2 December 2014 |
India | Agni-IV | Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM) | Indian Army Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) |
3,000 – 4,000 km | |
19 April 2012 15 September 2013 31 January 2015 26 December 2016 |
India | Agni-V | Inter Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) | Strategic Forces Command Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) |
5,000 – 8,000 km | |
Astra | ||||||
6 July 2010 21 May 2011 21 December 2012 19 March 2015 |
India | Astra | Beyond Visual Range Air to Air Missile (BVRAAM) | Indian Air Force Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) |
50 – 100 km | |
BrahMos | ||||||
30 March 2012 29 July 2012 8 July 2014 |
India Russia |
BrahMos | Supersonic Cruise Missile | Indian Army Indian Navy Indian Air Force NPO Mashinostroeyenia Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) |
300 – 500 km | |
Nirbhay | ||||||
12 March 2013 17 October 2014 |
India | Nirbhay | Long Range All Weather Subsonic Cruise Missile | Indian Army Indian Navy Indian Air Force Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) |
1,000 – 1,500 km | |
Prahar | ||||||
21 July 2011 | India | Prahaar | Tactical Ballistic Missile | Indian Army Indian Air Force Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) |
150 – 200 km | |
Prithvi | ||||||
15 March 2010 6 March 2011 |
India | Prithvi I | Short Range Ballistic Missile (SRBM) | Indian Army Indian Navy Indian Air Force Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) |
150 – 200 km | |
12 October 2009 13 December 2009 27 March 2010 18 June 2010 24 September 2010 10 February 2011 26 September 2011 4 October 2012 5 October 2012 20 December 2012 12 August 2013 7 October 2013 3 December 2013 7 January 2014 14 November 2014 19 February 2015 |
India | Prithvi II/Dhanush | Short Range Ballistic Missile (SRBM) | Indian Army Indian Navy Indian Air Force Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) |
250 – 350 km | |
Shaurya | ||||||
12 November 2008 24 September 2011 |
India | Shaurya | Tactical Ballistic Missile | Indian Army Indian Navy Indian Air Force Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) |
700 – 2,000 km | |
Advanced Air Defence | ||||||
15 March 2010 26 July 2010 6 December 2007 6 March 2011 23 November 2012 |
India | Advanced Air Defence (AAD) Ashwin Ballistic Missile Interceptor |
Endo-Atmospheric Anti Ballistic Missile | Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) | 150 – 200 km | |
Prithvi Air Defence | ||||||
27 April 2014 | India | Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) Pradyumna Ballistic Missile Interceptor |
Exo-Atmospheric Anti Ballistic Missile | Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) | 2000 km |
See also[]
- Guided missiles of India
- Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme
- Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme
References[]
- ↑ "In tribute to India's 'Missile Man' Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam, Wheeler Island named after him". Zee News. http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/in-tribute-to-indias-missile-man-apj-abdul-kalam-wheeler-island-named-after-him_1667306.html.
- ↑ "Dr. Kalam Island inspires youth in india. All India youth were proud to be a person lived in this generation for only india". TNP. Hyderabad, India. 5 September 2015. http://www.telangananewspaper.com/abdul-kalam-island/.
- ↑ "Wheeler Island renamed after Missile Man". The Times of India. http://m.timesofindia.com/city/bhubaneswar/Wheeler-Island-renamed-after-Missile-Man/articleshow/48832901.cms. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Wheeler Island". Global Security. http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/india/wheeler.htm. Retrieved 2014-12-18.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Integrated Test Range". http://www.nti.org/learn/facilities/938/. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Odisha's Wheeler Island to be renamed after APJ Abdul Kalam". 4 September 2015. http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/odisha-s-wheeler-island-to-be-renamed-after-apj-abdul-kalam/story-UJrAAJLAtjgOWDaO5l3j5H.html. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Odisha government renames Wheeler Island as Abdul Kalam Island". http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/odisha-government-renames-wheeler-island-as-abdul-kalam-island/1/465811.html. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
- ↑ "Two remote cameras stolen from Wheeler Island missile base". http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/jan/03oris2.htm. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
- ↑ "How Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam helped save Odishas Olive Ridley turtles". http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/apj-abdul-kalam-odisha-olive-ridley-turtles/1/454738.html. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
- ↑ "'Kalam Island' should be the new name of Wheeler Island". http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/kalam-island-should-be-the-new-name-of-wheeler-island/articleshow/48315207.cms. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
- ↑ "India's lone missile test-firing range Wheeler Island face sand erosion". The Times Of India. 11 May 2013. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-11/india/39185942_1_sand-bar-drdo-wheeler-island.
External links[]
The original article can be found at Abdul Kalam Island and the edit history here.