| ARA Veinticinco de Mayo (V-2) | |
|---|---|
 Veinticinco de Mayo | |
| Career (United Kingdom) |  |
| Name: | HMS Venerable (R63) |
| Ordered: | 7 August 1942 |
| Builder: | Cammell Laird |
| Yard number: | 1126 |
| Laid down: | 3 December 1942 |
| Launched: | 30 December 1943 |
| Commissioned: | 27 November 1944 |
| Decommissioned: | April 1947 |
| Fate: | Sold to the Netherlands 1 April 1948 |
| Career (Netherlands) |  |
| Name: | HNLMS Karel Doorman (R81) |
| Namesake: | Karel Doorman |
| Acquired: | 1 April 1948 |
| Commissioned: | 28 May 1948 |
| Decommissioned: | 29 April 1968 |
| Refit: |
1955-1958 1965-1966 |
| Fate: | Sold to Argentina 15 October 1968 |
| Career (Argentina) |  |
| Name: | ARA Veintcinco de Mayo (V-2) |
| Namesake: | Date of the May Revolution |
| Acquired: | 15 October 1968 |
| Commissioned: | 12 March 1969 |
| Decommissioned: | 1997 |
| Out of service: | Inoperable by 1990 |
| Refit: | 1969 |
| Homeport: | Puerto Belgrano Naval Base |
| Fate: | Provided spare parts for NAeL Minas Gerais and remainder was scrapped in 2000 |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement: | 19,900 tons |
| Length: | 192 m (630 ft) |
| Beam: | 24.4 m (80 ft) |
| Draught: | 7.5 m (24.4 ft) |
| Propulsion: |
4 boilers with steam turbines 2 shafts 40,000 shp (30,000 kW) |
| Speed: | 24 knots (44 km/h) |
| Complement: | 1,300 |
| Armament: | 12 x 40 mm AA guns |
| Aircraft carried: | 21 |
The ARA Veinticinco de Mayo (V-2) was an aircraft carrier in the Argentine Navy from 1969 to 1997. The English translation of the name is the Twenty-fifth of May, which is the date of Argentina's May Revolution in 1810.
The ship previously served in the Royal Navy as HMS Venerable and the Royal Netherlands Navy as HNLMS Karel Doorman. She was deployed south during the Beagle Crisis in 1978 and in the first weeks of the Falklands War, where her aircraft were deployed against the Royal Navy task force, but spent the bulk of the war in port.[1]
History[]
ARA 25 de Mayo badge with the motto "Juramos con gloria morir" which means "We swore to die gloriously" a clear reference to the Argentine National Anthem.
The ship was built by Cammell Laird in Birkenhead, England during the Second World War for the Royal Navy.[2] As a Colossus-class aircraft carrier, she was named HMS Venerable and saw service in the British Pacific Fleet. However Venerable only served three years in the Royal Navy before being sold to the Dutch as HNLMS Karel Doorman.
After a boiler room fire, the carrier was rebuilt, and sold to Argentina.[2] The Argentines already operated a carrier, the ARA Independencia, also a former Royal Navy Colossus-class. After Independencia was decommissioned in 1970, the Veinticinco de Mayo was the sole remaining carrier in the Argentine fleet. It could carry up to 24 aircraft.
The air group started with F9F Panthers and F9F Cougars jets and later these were replaced with A-4Q Skyhawks supported by S-2 Tracker anti-submarine warfare aircraft and Sikorsky Sea King helicopters.
On September 1969, during the voyage of the recently bought 25 de Mayo in the Netherlands, Hawker Siddeley demonstrated their Harrier GR.1 on board the carrier for a possible sale to the Argentine Navy.
During the 1970s the ship was refitted and updated several times, though in each case the duration of each repair period was never more than 3–5 months, allowing her to be available to deploy. Her last pre-Falklands refit occurred during ths spring/summer of 1981, when she received an update to her radar, arresting gear, steam catapult and (most noticeably) the port side angled deck was finally filled out via an enlarged sponson. These improvements would theoretically enable her to operate the Super Etendard strike aircraft purchased from France, however it was discovered during testing that the catapult had difficulties launching the aircraft type. Therefore her strike airwing was limited to the A-4Q Skyhawks.
Beagle Conflict[]
Veinticinco de Mayo, between 1978 and 1980
During the Operation Soberania the Veinticinco de Mayo was planned to support the invasion of the Picton, Nueva and Lennox islands.
Falklands War[]
During the Falklands War (Spanish language: Guerra de las Malvinas/Guerra del Atlántico Sur ) the Veinticinco de Mayo was used in support of the initial Argentine landings on the Falklands[3] and then in defence of the occupation she was deployed in a task force north of the Falkland Islands, with the ARA General Belgrano to the south. The British had assigned HMS Spartan, a nuclear-powered submarine, to track down the Veinticinco de Mayo and sink her if necessary. Rear Admiral Sandy Woodward, commanding the British Task Force from HMS Hermes stated in his book "One Hundred Days", that had Spartan located the carrier, he would have "Recommended in the strongest possible terms to the Commander-in-Chief Admiral Sir John Fieldhouse that we take them both out this night".[4]
After hostilities broke out on 1 May 1982, the Argentine carrier attempted to launch a wave of A-4Q Skyhawk jets against the Royal Navy Task Force after her S-2 Trackers detected the British fleet. However, what would have been the first battle between aircraft carriers since World War II did not take place, as poor winds prevented the heavily-loaded jets from being launched. After the British nuclear-powered submarine HMS Conqueror sank the General Belgrano, the Veinticinco de Mayo returned to port for safety. Spartan never tracked down the carrier. Her A-4Q Skyhawks flew the rest of the war from the naval airbase in Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego, and had some success against the Royal Navy, sinking HMS Ardent, although three Skyhawks were shot down by Sea Harriers.
In 1983, the Veinticinco de Mayo was modified to carry the new Dassault Super Étendard jetsVideo but soon after problems in her engines largely confined her to port; she was deemed more or less unseaworthy.
Disposal[]
The Argentine Navy could not procure the funds for a modernization and new engines, leading to decommissioning by 1997. By this time she had already been stripped of various major pieces of equipment that were used as spares for the Brazilian carrier NAeL Minas Gerais, another Colossus-class ship which had been heavily modified in the Netherlands.[5] Finally in 2000, she was towed to Alang, India for scrapping.
Although the Minas Gerais was offered to the Argentine Navy as a replacement in 2000 she was rejected due to her poor condition and high restoration and maintenance costs. Argentine cooperation with Brazil has meant that the naval air wing has continued to operate from the deck of carrier NAe São Paulo during ARAEX exercises and/or touch-and-go landings on US Navy carriers when they are in transit within Argentine coastal waters during Gringo-Gaucho manoeuvres.
See also[]
- List of aircraft carriers
- Veinticinco de Mayo cruiser
- List of ship launches in 1943
- List of ship commissionings in 1969
- List of ship decommissionings in 1997
References[]
- ↑ "The Falkland Islands - A history of the 1982 conflict". RAF. http://www.raf.mod.uk/falklands/an1.html.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ireland, p. 147
- ↑ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/argentina/25-de-mayo.htm
- ↑ Admiral Sandy Woodward One Hundred Days, pages 207 and 208. ISBN 978-0-00-713467-0
- ↑ http://www.fleetairarmarchive.net/vengeance/History_BN.html
- Ireland, Bernard (2007). The Illustrated Guide to Aircraft Carriers of the World. London: Anness Publishing Limited, Hermes House. p. 147. ISBN 1-84477-747-2.
Further reading[]
- Bishop, Chris; Chris Chant (2004). Aircraft Carriers. London: Summertime Publishing Ltd.. p. 83. ISBN 0-7603-2005-5.
- Donald, David; Daniel J. March (2001). Carrier Aviation Air Power Directory. Norwalk, CT: AIRtime Publishing. p. 91. ISBN 1-880588-43-9.
- Secondi, Martín; Jorge A. Leguizamón (1999). 25 de Mayo Portaaviones. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Ayer y Hoy Ediciones. p. 72. ISBN 987-9249-06-2. (in Spanish)
External links[]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to ARA Veinticinco de Mayo. |
- Historical Pictorial
- Google Video of Super Etendards practicing touch & go on ARA 25 de Mayo
- Google Video of A-4 Skyhawks on ARA 25 de Mayo
- Naval-History.net HMS Venerable
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The original article can be found at ARA Veinticinco de Mayo (V-2) and the edit history here.