Military Wiki
76 mm tank gun M1940 F-34
T-34-75 przód RB
The F-34 was the standard gun on the T-34 medium tank. Shown here is a T-34 Model 1943.
Type Tank gun
Place of origin Soviet Union
Service history
Used by Flag of the Soviet Union Soviet Union
Flag of German Reich (1935–1945) Nazi Germany
Wars World War II
Production history
Designer P. Muraviev
Designed 1939
Manufacturer Factory No. 92
Produced 1940
Specifications
Barrel length 3.2 m (10 ft 6 in) L/42.5

Shell Fixed QF 76.2 × 385 mm. R
Shell weight 6.5 kg (14 lb 5 oz)
Caliber 76.2 mm (3.00 in)
Breech Semi-automatic vertical sliding-wedge
Elevation 5° to 32°
Traverse 360°[1]
Rate of fire 5-10 rpm
Muzzle velocity 680 m/s (2,200 ft/s)
Maximum firing range 11.2 km (7.0 mi)[1]
T-34-76 RB6

Side view

The 76 mm tank gun M1940 F-34 (76-мм танковая пушка обр. 1940 г. Ф-34) was a 76.2 mm Soviet tank gun used on the T-34/76 tank. A modified version of the gun, the 76 mm tank gun M1941 ZiS-5 (76-мм танковая пушка обр. 1941 г. ЗиС-5), was used on KV-1 tanks during World War II. Nowadays, the two versions are often referred to just by their factory designations, as "F-34" and "ZiS-5", respectively.

History[]

The F-34 was designed before the start of World War II by P. Muraviev of Vasiliy Grabin's design bureau at Factory No. 92 in Gorky. The gun was superior to both contemporary 76.2 mm guns, Gorky's F-32 and the Leningrad Kirov Factory's L-11, but it was the latter that had already been approved for the new T-34 medium tank. The initial T-34 Model 1940 with L-11 was in production when Germany invaded the Soviet Union.

The F-34 was ready for production, but Marshal Grigory Kulik's high-handed interference with tank appropriation had made the relevant bureaucrats too frightened to approve the better gun. Grabin and the director of the Kharkov Locomotive Factory (KhPZ), the centre of T-34 production, conspired to produce the F-34 anyway, and began to install the gun on new tanks. The new T-34 Model 1941 tanks, which were issued mostly to company and platoon commanders, were immensely popular with their crews. Letters from tank units reached Stalin's State Defence Committee (GKO), which officially authorized production.

Also, due to Kulik's meddling, the KV-1 heavy tank model 1940 had ended up mounting Grabin's older F-32 gun, making it more poorly armed than the T-34 medium tank. Chief Designer of Tanks Joseph Kotin convinced the GKO to allow the use of the F-34 gun on the KV-1 heavy tank Model 1941. The ZiS-5 was a version of the gun designed to better fit the KV-1's turret.

In 1943, the thick armor of the new German Tiger and Panther tanks had rendered the F-34 gun obsolete, and experiments were conducted to find a replacement. The better-penetrating 57 mm ZiS-2 high velocity antitank gun was installed on some T-34/57 tanks, but the smaller-bored gun couldn't fire an adequate high explosive round for general use. A more heavily armoured T-34 prototype was built, the T-43, but it was still vulnerable to the Tiger's 88, and its mobility suffered too much from the weight of armour.

In the end, the F-34 was replaced by the D-5T and ZiS-S-53 85 mm calibre guns on the T-34-85 tank, and by 122mm and 152 mm guns on the new IS-2 heavy tanks and in the Soviets' casemate-type, turretless tank destroyers.

Some F-34 guns were also installed in Lend-Lease M4A2 Sherman tanks, known as the M4M.[2]

Comparison of guns[]

T34 turret SA-kuva 113433

Interior of T-34 Model 1941 turret, with F-34 gun visible. The vehicle was captured by the Finnish Army and is undergoing overhaul. Photo taken in 1944.

Panzermuseum Munster 2010 0153

BR-354P APCR round

The L-11 gun was mounted on the initial T-34 Model 1940 medium tank and the KV-1 Model 1939 heavy tank. The F-32 was on the KV-1 Model 1940. Subsequent models of both tanks mounted the F-34 until it was replaced by 85mm guns in the T-34-85 medium tank and KV-85 heavy tank.

Comparison of Soviet 76.2mm guns and ammunition
Gun L-11 F-32 F-34
Length (calibres) L/30.5 L/31.5 L/42.5
F-534 high explosive (HE)
weight (kg) 6.23 6.23 6.23
muzzle velocity (m/s) 610 613 680
OF-350 high explosive fragmentation (HE-Frag)
weight (kg) 6.21 6.21 6.21
muzzle velocity (m/s) 610 638 680
BR-353A high explosive anti-tank (HEAT)
weight (kg) 3.9 3.9 3.9
muzzle velocity (m/s) ? ? 325
penetration (mm) 75 75 75
Armour-piercing (AP)
weight (kg) 6.51 6.51 6.3
muzzle velocity (m/s) 612 613 680
penetration at 500 m (mm) ? 60 ?
penetration at 1,000 m (mm) 50 50 60
BR-350/BR-350A armour-piercing high explosive (APHE)
weight (kg) 6.3 6.3 6.3
muzzle velocity (m/s) 612 613 655
penetration at 500 m (mm) 62 ? 69
penetration at 1,000 m (mm) 56 ? 61
BR-350P armour-piercing, composite rigid (APCR)
weight (kg) ? ? 3.0
muzzle velocity (m/s) ? ? 965
penetration at 500 m (mm) ? ? 92
penetration at 1,000 m (mm) ? ? 60

[1][3]

Weapons of comparable role, performance and era[]

References[]

  • Zaloga, Steven J.; James Grandsen (1984). Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-606-8. 

External links[]

All or a portion of this article consists of text from Wikipedia, and is therefore Creative Commons Licensed under GFDL.
The original article can be found at 76 mm tank gun M1940 F-34 and the edit history here.