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Flag of Vermont, 1837-1923
The 2nd Regiment, Vermont Volunteer Infantry (or 2nd VVI) was a three year' infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It served in the eastern theater, predominantly in the VI Corps, Army of the Potomac, from June 1861 to July 1865. It was a member of the famous Vermont Brigade.
History[]
In July 1861, the United States Congress authorized President Abraham Lincoln to call out 500,000 men, to serve for three years unless sooner discharged. The 2nd Vermont Infantry was the first of the three years regiments from the state placed in the field as a result of this call, and it served longer in the service than all but one other Vermont unit, the 7th Vermont Infantry. It was organized from militia companies from Brattleboro, Burlington, Castleton, Fletcher, Ludlow, Montpelier, Tunbridge, Vergennes and Waterbury.
The colonelcy of the regiment was initially offered to Israel B. Richardson, a native of Vermont, but he had just accepted command of the 1st Michigan Infantry. Richardson recommended a fellow-classmate from the United States Military Academy, Henry Whiting, and he was commissioned by Governor Erastus Fairbanks on June 6, 1861. George J. Stannard, of St. Albans, was appointed lieutenant colonel, and Charles H. Joyce, a young lawyer from Northfield, was appointed major. The regiment rendezvoused at Burlington and was mustered into United States service on June 20. Four days later, the regiment left for Washington, D.C., arriving on June 26. It was initially brigaded with three Maine regiments under command of Colonel Oliver O. Howard. On July 21, the brigade participated in the First Battle of Bull Run. The regiment suffered 68 casualties: 2 killed, 35 wounded and 31 missing.
August 12, 1861, the regiment transferred to Chain Bridge, where it went into camp with the 3rd Vermont Infantry, 6th Maine Infantry and 33rd New York Infantry. In September, the 4th, 5th and 6th Vermont regiments joined with the 2nd and 3rd to form the famous "Old Vermont Brigade," under the command of newly promoted Brigadier General William Farrar Smith, previously commander of the 3rd Vermont Infantry. Smith was soon assigned command of the division of which the Vermont Brigade was a part, and William T. H. Brooks, a native of Ohio, but the son of a Vermonter, assumed command.
The history of the regiment from this point on is essentially that of the Vermont Brigade, except for numerous personnel changes.
Colonel Whiting resigned on February 9, 1863 and was replaced by James H. Walbridge, who commanded the regiment until he resigned on April 1, 1864. He was replaced by Newton Stone, who was killed in action at the Battle of the Wilderness, on May 5, 1864. His replacement, John S. Tyler, had been wounded on May 5, and died of his wounds on May 23. Amasa Tracy, his replacement, commanded the regiment until it was disbanded. Lieutenant Colonel George J. Stannard was promoted to the colonelcy of the 9th Vermont Infantry on May 21, 1862, and later commanded the 2nd Vermont Brigade, which garnered honors for its participation in the repulse of Pickett's Charge at the Battle of Gettysburg on July 3, 1863.
The original members of the regiment, who did not reenlist, were mustered out of the service on June 29, 1864. One year recruits and others whose term of service was due to expire prior to October 1, 1865, were mustered out on June 19, 1865. The remaining officers and men mustered out of service on July 15.
Medal of Honor[]
Five members of the regiment were awarded the Medal of Honor.
- Dayton P. Clarke, Captain, Co. F, was credited with "distinguished conduct in a desperate hand-to-hand fight while commanding the regiment," at the Battle of Spotsylvania, on May 12, 1864.
- Ephraim W. Harrington, Sergeant, Co. G, "carried the colors to the top of the heights and almost to the muzzle of the enemy's guns," at the Battle of Fredericksburg, on May 3, 1863.
- William W. Noyes, Private, Co. F, "standing upon the top of the breastworks, [he] deliberately took aim and fired no less than 15 shots into the enemy's lines, but a few yards away," at Spotsylvania, on May 12, 1864.
- Augustus J. Robbins, 2nd Lieutenant, Co. B, "while voluntarily serving as a staff officer successfully withdrew a regiment across and around a severely exposed position to the rest of the command; was severely wounded," at Spotsylvania, on May 12, 1864.
- Amasa S. Tracy, Lieutenant Colonel, "took command of and led the brigade in the assault on the enemy's works," at the Battle of Cedar Creek, on October 19, 1864.
Engagements[]
| ENGAGEMENTS | |
|---|---|
| Battle of First Bull Run | July 21, 1861 |
| Battle of Warwick Creek | April 6, 1862 |
| Battle at Lee's Mills | April 16, 1862 |
| Battle of Garnett's & Golding's Farm | June 26, 1862 |
| Battle of Savage's Station | June 29, 1862 |
| Battle of White Oak Swamp | June 30, 1862 |
| Battle of Crampton's Gap | September 14, 1862 |
| Battle of Antietam | September 17, 1862 |
| Battle of Fredericksburg | December 13, 1862 |
| Battle of Marye's Heights | May 3, 1863 |
| Battle of Salem Church | May 4, 1863 |
| Battle of Fredericksburg | June 5, 1863 |
| Battle of Gettysburg | July 3, 1863 |
| Battle of Funkstown | July 10, 1863 |
| Battle of Rappahannock Station | November 7, 1863 |
| Battle of the Wilderness | May 5–10, 1864 |
| Battle of Spotsylvania | May 10–18, 1864 |
| Battle of Cold Harbor | June 1–12, 1864 |
| Battle of Petersburg | June 18, 1864 |
| Battle of Charlestown | August 21, 1864 |
| Battle of Opequon (Gilbert's Ford) | September 13, 1864 |
| Battle of Winchester (Opequon) | September 19, 1864 |
| Battle of Fisher's Hill | September 21, 1864 |
| Battle of Mount Jackson | September 24, 1864 |
| Battle of Cedar Creek | October 19, 1864 |
| Battle of Petersburg | March 25, 1865 |
| Battle of Petersburg | April 2, 1865 |
| Battle of Sailor's Creek | April 6, 1865 |
Final Statement[]
| FINAL STATEMENT | |
|---|---|
| Original members | 866 |
| Gain (recruits and transferes) | 992 |
| --- Aggregate | 1858 |
| --- Losses --- | |
| Killed in action | 139 |
| Died of wounds | 84 |
| Died of disease | 136 |
| Died in Confederate prisons | 22 |
| Died from accident | 3 |
| Executed | 1 |
| Total of Deaths | 385 |
| Promoted to other regiments | 8 |
| Honorably discharged | 446 |
| Dishonorably discharged | 24 |
| Deserted | 170 |
| Finally unaccounted for | 5 |
| Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps and other organizations | 120 |
| --- Total Losses | 773 |
| Mustered out at various times | 700 |
| Total wounded | 692 |
| Total taken prisoner | 129 |
See also[]
References[]
- Benedict, G. G., Vermont in the Civil War. A History of the part taken by the Vermont Soldiers And Sailors in the War For The Union, 1861-5. Burlington, VT.: The Free Press Association, 1888.
- Crockett, Walter Hill, Vermont The Green Mountain State, New York: The Century History Company, Inc., 1921.
- Fox, William F., Regimental Losses In The American Civil War 1861-1865. Albany: Albany Publishing Company. 1889.
- Peck, Theodore S., compiler, Revised Roster of Vermont Volunteers and lists of Vermonters Who Served in the Army and Navy of the United States During the War of the Rebellion, 1861-66. Montpelier, VT.: Press of the Watchman Publishing Co., 1892.
Further reading[]
- Coffin, Howard, Full Duty: Vermonters in the Civil War. Woodstock, VT.: Countryman Press, 1995.
- -----. The Battered Stars: One State's Civil War Ordeal during Grant's Overland Campaign. Woodstock, VT.: Countryman Press, 2002.
- Dyer, Frederick Henry, A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. New York: T. Yoseloff, 1908. 3 vol.
- Poirier, Robert G., By the Blood of our Alumni: Norwich University Citizen-Soldiers in the Army of the Potomac. Mason City, IA: Savas Publishing Co., 1999.
- Rosenblatt, Emil and Ruth Rosenblatt, editors. Hard Marching Every Day: The Civil War Letters of Private Wilbur Fisk, 1861-1865. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1983.
- U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, 70 volumes in 4 series. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1880-1901.
- Zeller, Paul G., The Second Vermont Volunteer Infantry Regiment, 1861-1865. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2002.
External links[]
- Vermont in the Civil War
- Vermont National Guard Library and Museum
- Vermont Military Records Project, Vermont Public Records Division
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The original article can be found at 2nd Vermont Infantry and the edit history here.