1951 USAF resolution test chart

Glass chart

The 1951 USAF resolution test chart is a resolution test pattern conforming to MIL-STD-150A standard, set by US Air Force in 1951. It is still widely accepted to test the resolving power of optical imaging systems such as microscopes, cameras and image scanners, although MIL-STD-150A was cancelled on October 16, 2006. The pattern consists of groups of three bars (small Ronchi rulings) with dimensions from big to small. The largest bar the imager cannot discern is the limitation of its resolving power.

Pattern format

The common MIL-STD-150A format consists of six "groups" in three layers of patterns. The largest groups, forming the first layer, are located on the outer sides. The smaller layers repeat the same pattern but are progressively smaller toward the center. Each group consists of six elements, numbered from 1 to 6. Within the same layer, the odd-numbered groups appear contiguously from 1 through 6 from the upper right corner. The first element of the even-numbered groups is at the lower right of the layer, with the remaining 2 through 6, at the left. The scales and dimensions of the bars are given by the expression

$\text{Resolution (lp/mm)} = 2^{\text{Group} + (\text{element}-1)/6}$

although usually the following lookup table will be used. The line pair (lp) means a black and a white line.

Number of Line Pairs / mm in USAF Resolving Power Test Target 1951
Group Number
Element	-2	-1	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1	0.250	0.500	1.00	2.00	4.00	8.00	16.00	32.0	64.0	128.0	256.0	512.0
2	0.280	0.561	1.12	2.24	4.49	8.98	17.95	36.0	71.8	144.0	287.0	575.0
3	0.315	0.630	1.26	2.52	5.04	10.10	20.16	40.3	80.6	161.0	323.0	645.0
4	0.353	0.707	1.41	2.83	5.66	11.30	22.62	45.3	90.5	181.0	362.0	-----
5	0.397	0.793	1.59	3.17	6.35	12.70	25.39	50.8	102.0	203.0	406.0	-----
6	0.445	0.891	1.78	3.56	7.13	14.30	28.50	57.0	114.0	228.0	456.0	-----

Width of 1 line in micrometer in USAF Resolving Power Test Target 1951
Group Number
Element	-2	-1	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1	2000.00	1000.00	500.00	250.00	125.00	62.50	31.25	15.63	7.81	3.91	1.95	0.98
2	1785.71	891.27	446.43	223.21	111.36	55.68	27.86	13.89	6.96	3.47	1.74	0.87
3	1587.30	793.65	396.83	198.41	99.21	49.50	24.80	12.41	6.20	3.11	1.55	0.78
4	1416.43	707.21	354.61	176.68	88.34	44.25	22.10	11.04	5.52	2.76	1.38	-----
5	1259.45	630.52	314.47	157.73	78.74	39.37	19.69	9.84	4.90	2.46	1.23	-----
6	1123.60	561.17	280.90	140.45	70.13	34.97	17.54	8.77	4.39	2.19	1.10	-----

External links

• efg's Tech Note: USAF 1951 and Microcopy Resolution Test Charts.
• USAF 1951 Resolution Target Further explanations and examples
• Koren 2003: Norman Koren's updated resolution chart better suited for computer analysis