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|notable_commanders=[[Israel Parnas]] |
|notable_commanders=[[Israel Parnas]] |
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|aircraft_fighter=[[A-4 Skyhawk]]<br/>[[IAI Kfir]] |
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'''149 Squadron''', often referred to as the '''Smashing'''<ref name=iaf/> or '''Shattering Parrot'''<ref name=aloni74/> ({{lang-he|התוכי המנפץ}}) squadron is a former unit of the [[Israeli Air Force]]. Active from 1976 to 1991, the squadron flew the [[A-4 Skyhawk]] and [[IAI Kfir]]. |
'''149 Squadron''', often referred to as the '''Smashing'''<ref name=iaf/> or '''Shattering Parrot'''<ref name=aloni74/> ({{lang-he|התוכי המנפץ}}) squadron is a former unit of the [[Israeli Air Force]]. Active from 1976 to 1991, the squadron flew the [[A-4 Skyhawk]] and [[IAI Kfir]]. |
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| − | == |
+ | ==History== |
149 Squadron was activated at [[Etzion Airbase|Etzion]] in July 1976, the IAF's eighth and penultimate A-4 squadron. It was initially equipped with the E model of the Skyhawk, made available when [[140 Squadron (Israel)|140 Squadron]] converted to A-4Ns,<ref name=iaf/><ref name=aloni74/> though by 1978 it was operating N model Skyhawks as well.<ref name=aloni77/> |
149 Squadron was activated at [[Etzion Airbase|Etzion]] in July 1976, the IAF's eighth and penultimate A-4 squadron. It was initially equipped with the E model of the Skyhawk, made available when [[140 Squadron (Israel)|140 Squadron]] converted to A-4Ns,<ref name=iaf/><ref name=aloni74/> though by 1978 it was operating N model Skyhawks as well.<ref name=aloni77/> |
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From November 1980, while under the command of Lt. Col. Israel Parnas, 149 begun operating the new IAI Kfir C-2 alongside the Skyhawk, and by late 1981 had retired the older type.<ref>[[#citeNorton|Norton 2004]], p. 224</ref><ref name=norton298/> On May 4, 1981, the squadron lost one its Kfirs during [[dissimilar air combat training]] with IAF [[F-15 Eagle]]s. Its pilot, Major Yoram Eitan, son of IDF Chief of the General Staff [[Rafael Eitan]], was killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zanhanim.org.il/Info/n_show.aspx?id=31272|title=רס"ן יורם איתן ז"ל|language=Hebrew|accessdate=June 16, 2012|publisher=Paratroopers Brigade}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raful.org.il/pages/26.aspx?pic=1|language=Hebrew|accessdate=June 16, 2012|title=שכול ואיפוק}}</ref> |
From November 1980, while under the command of Lt. Col. Israel Parnas, 149 begun operating the new IAI Kfir C-2 alongside the Skyhawk, and by late 1981 had retired the older type.<ref>[[#citeNorton|Norton 2004]], p. 224</ref><ref name=norton298/> On May 4, 1981, the squadron lost one its Kfirs during [[dissimilar air combat training]] with IAF [[F-15 Eagle]]s. Its pilot, Major Yoram Eitan, son of IDF Chief of the General Staff [[Rafael Eitan]], was killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zanhanim.org.il/Info/n_show.aspx?id=31272|title=רס"ן יורם איתן ז"ל|language=Hebrew|accessdate=June 16, 2012|publisher=Paratroopers Brigade}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raful.org.il/pages/26.aspx?pic=1|language=Hebrew|accessdate=June 16, 2012|title=שכול ואיפוק}}</ref> |
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| − | In 1982, with Israel's evacuation of the Sinai following the [[Camp David accords]], 149 Squadron moved to Ovda. On 19 July 1988, due to IAF downsizing and the need to provide additional civil airport capacity for |
+ | In 1982, with Israel's evacuation of the Sinai following the [[Camp David accords]], 149 Squadron moved to Ovda. On 19 July 1988, due to IAF downsizing and the need to provide additional civil airport capacity for Eilat, the squadron relocated to Hatzor.<ref name=norton298/> As other Kfir units eventually transitioned to the [[F-16 Fighting Falcon]], 149 received additional aircraft and for a time may have been unusually large. It was finally disbanded in 1991, its aircraft stored at Ovda.<ref name=norton301/> |
[[File:Hatzerim Rec Kfir 01 220212.JPG|thumb|Reconnaissance Kfir 451 "Prism"]] |
[[File:Hatzerim Rec Kfir 01 220212.JPG|thumb|Reconnaissance Kfir 451 "Prism"]] |
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149 Squadron was reportedly the IAF's Operational Training Unit for the Kfir, tasked with qualifying new airmen on the type.<ref>[[#citeNorton|Norton 2004]], p. 300</ref> As such, it also flew the two seat veriat of the Kfir, the TC-2.<ref>[[#citeNorton|Norton 2004]], p. 303</ref> The squadron also operated two Kfirs modified for the reconnaissance role and designated RC-2. The two aircraft, 419 and 451 (initially 819 and 851), were converted to mount camera noses developed for the [[Dassault Mirage]]. Their guns were removed, the [[radar warning receiver]]s were moved aft, a Doppler radar installed under the forward fuselage, and they were installed with additional piping to carry power to the nose.<ref name=norton298/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merchav-aviri.org/pages/content/view/896/34/|language=Hebrew|accessdate=June 16, 2012|title=מטוסי שחק וכפיר לצילום בחיל האויר|date=May 25, 2007|first=Sariel|last=Stiller|publisher=Merchav Aviri}}</ref> When the squadron disbanded, the two aircraft were transferred to [[144 Squadron (Israel)|144 Squadron]].<ref name=norton298/> |
149 Squadron was reportedly the IAF's Operational Training Unit for the Kfir, tasked with qualifying new airmen on the type.<ref>[[#citeNorton|Norton 2004]], p. 300</ref> As such, it also flew the two seat veriat of the Kfir, the TC-2.<ref>[[#citeNorton|Norton 2004]], p. 303</ref> The squadron also operated two Kfirs modified for the reconnaissance role and designated RC-2. The two aircraft, 419 and 451 (initially 819 and 851), were converted to mount camera noses developed for the [[Dassault Mirage]]. Their guns were removed, the [[radar warning receiver]]s were moved aft, a Doppler radar installed under the forward fuselage, and they were installed with additional piping to carry power to the nose.<ref name=norton298/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merchav-aviri.org/pages/content/view/896/34/|language=Hebrew|accessdate=June 16, 2012|title=מטוסי שחק וכפיר לצילום בחיל האויר|date=May 25, 2007|first=Sariel|last=Stiller|publisher=Merchav Aviri}}</ref> When the squadron disbanded, the two aircraft were transferred to [[144 Squadron (Israel)|144 Squadron]].<ref name=norton298/> |
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| − | == |
+ | ==Markings== |
149 Squadron A-4 Skyhawks bore the IAF's standard 4-tone Skyhawk camouflague scheme, with the black character aircraft code applied on the nose. Unlike other IAF Skyhawk squadrons, it had no distinctive rudder colors.<ref>[[#citeNorton|Norton 2004]], pp. 225, 226</ref> |
149 Squadron A-4 Skyhawks bore the IAF's standard 4-tone Skyhawk camouflague scheme, with the black character aircraft code applied on the nose. Unlike other IAF Skyhawk squadrons, it had no distinctive rudder colors.<ref>[[#citeNorton|Norton 2004]], pp. 225, 226</ref> |
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Its Kfirs bore both the 2-tone 'compass gray' scheme and the F-16-style 4-tone scheme. In the late 1980s, its aircraft begun bearing blue and red tail flashes.<ref>[[#citeNorton|Norton 2004]], pp. 302, 303</ref> |
Its Kfirs bore both the 2-tone 'compass gray' scheme and the F-16-style 4-tone scheme. In the late 1980s, its aircraft begun bearing blue and red tail flashes.<ref>[[#citeNorton|Norton 2004]], pp. 302, 303</ref> |
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*<cite id=citeNorton>{{cite book|last=Norton|first=Bill|title=Air War on the Edge – A History of the Israel Air Force and its Aircraft since 1947|publisher=Midland Publishing|year=2004|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=q84hAQAAIAAJ|isbn=1-85780-088-5|location=Surrey, UK}}</cite> |
*<cite id=citeNorton>{{cite book|last=Norton|first=Bill|title=Air War on the Edge – A History of the Israel Air Force and its Aircraft since 1947|publisher=Midland Publishing|year=2004|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=q84hAQAAIAAJ|isbn=1-85780-088-5|location=Surrey, UK}}</cite> |
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| − | == |
+ | ==External links== |
{{Commons|Squadron 149 (Israeli Air Force)}} |
{{Commons|Squadron 149 (Israeli Air Force)}} |
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*[http://a4skyhawk.org/2e/israel/israel-parrot/parrot.htm IAF Shattering Parrot Squadron] at the A-4 Skyhawk Association website |
*[http://a4skyhawk.org/2e/israel/israel-parrot/parrot.htm IAF Shattering Parrot Squadron] at the A-4 Skyhawk Association website |
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Revision as of 15:46, 8 December 2019
| 149 Squadron | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1976–1991 |
| Country |
 Israel |
| Branch |
 Israeli Air Force |
| Role | attack |
| Garrison/HQ | Etzion/Ovda/Hatzor |
| Nickname(s) | Smashing Parrot |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Israel Parnas |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Fighter |
A-4 Skyhawk IAI Kfir |
149 Squadron, often referred to as the Smashing[1] or Shattering Parrot[2] (Hebrew: התוכי המנפץ) squadron is a former unit of the Israeli Air Force. Active from 1976 to 1991, the squadron flew the A-4 Skyhawk and IAI Kfir.
History
149 Squadron was activated at Etzion in July 1976, the IAF's eighth and penultimate A-4 squadron. It was initially equipped with the E model of the Skyhawk, made available when 140 Squadron converted to A-4Ns,[1][2] though by 1978 it was operating N model Skyhawks as well.[3]
From November 1980, while under the command of Lt. Col. Israel Parnas, 149 begun operating the new IAI Kfir C-2 alongside the Skyhawk, and by late 1981 had retired the older type.[4][5] On May 4, 1981, the squadron lost one its Kfirs during dissimilar air combat training with IAF F-15 Eagles. Its pilot, Major Yoram Eitan, son of IDF Chief of the General Staff Rafael Eitan, was killed.[6][7] In 1982, with Israel's evacuation of the Sinai following the Camp David accords, 149 Squadron moved to Ovda. On 19 July 1988, due to IAF downsizing and the need to provide additional civil airport capacity for Eilat, the squadron relocated to Hatzor.[5] As other Kfir units eventually transitioned to the F-16 Fighting Falcon, 149 received additional aircraft and for a time may have been unusually large. It was finally disbanded in 1991, its aircraft stored at Ovda.[8]
Reconnaissance Kfir 451 "Prism"
149 Squadron was reportedly the IAF's Operational Training Unit for the Kfir, tasked with qualifying new airmen on the type.[9] As such, it also flew the two seat veriat of the Kfir, the TC-2.[10] The squadron also operated two Kfirs modified for the reconnaissance role and designated RC-2. The two aircraft, 419 and 451 (initially 819 and 851), were converted to mount camera noses developed for the Dassault Mirage. Their guns were removed, the radar warning receivers were moved aft, a Doppler radar installed under the forward fuselage, and they were installed with additional piping to carry power to the nose.[5][11] When the squadron disbanded, the two aircraft were transferred to 144 Squadron.[5]
Markings
149 Squadron A-4 Skyhawks bore the IAF's standard 4-tone Skyhawk camouflague scheme, with the black character aircraft code applied on the nose. Unlike other IAF Skyhawk squadrons, it had no distinctive rudder colors.[12] Its Kfirs bore both the 2-tone 'compass gray' scheme and the F-16-style 4-tone scheme. In the late 1980s, its aircraft begun bearing blue and red tail flashes.[13]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Uvda Airbase". Israeli Air Force. http://www.iaf.org.il/2570-30206-en/IAF.aspx. Retrieved June 15, 2012.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Aloni 2009, p. 74
- ↑ Aloni 2009, p. 77
- ↑ Norton 2004, p. 224
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Norton 2004, p. 298
- ↑ "רס"ן יורם איתן ז"ל" (in Hebrew). Paratroopers Brigade. http://www.zanhanim.org.il/Info/n_show.aspx?id=31272. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
- ↑ "שכול ואיפוק" (in Hebrew). http://www.raful.org.il/pages/26.aspx?pic=1. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
- ↑ Norton 2004, p. 301
- ↑ Norton 2004, p. 300
- ↑ Norton 2004, p. 303
- ↑ Stiller, Sariel (May 25, 2007). "מטוסי שחק וכפיר לצילום בחיל האויר" (in Hebrew). Merchav Aviri. http://www.merchav-aviri.org/pages/content/view/896/34/. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
- ↑ Norton 2004, pp. 225, 226
- ↑ Norton 2004, pp. 302, 303
Bibliography
- Aloni, Shlomo (2009). Israeli A-4 Skyhawk Units in Combat. Combat Aircraft. UK: Osprey. ISBN 978-1-84603-430-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=xoeBjenEN9AC.
- Norton, Bill (2004). Air War on the Edge – A History of the Israel Air Force and its Aircraft since 1947. Surrey, UK: Midland Publishing. ISBN 1-85780-088-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=q84hAQAAIAAJ.
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Squadron 149 (Israeli Air Force). |
- IAF Shattering Parrot Squadron at the A-4 Skyhawk Association website
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The original article can be found at 149 Squadron (Israel) and the edit history here.