120mm 45 caliber Pattern 1892 | |
---|---|
120mm 45 caliber Pattern 1892 gun on Kuivasaari Island. | |
Type |
Naval gun Coastal artillery Railway artillery |
Place of origin | France |
Service history | |
In service | 1897-1945 |
Used by |
Russian Empire Soviet Union Finland Japan |
Wars |
Boxer Rebellion Russo-Japanese War World War I Russian Civil War Winter War World War II |
Production history | |
Designer | Canet |
Designed | 1891 |
Manufacturer |
Obukhov Perm |
Produced | 1897 |
Specifications | |
Mass | 2.95 t (3.25 short tons) |
Length | 5.4 m (17 ft 9 in) |
Barrel length | 4.2 m (13 ft 9 in) |
| |
Shell | Fixed QF ammunition |
Shell weight | 20.4 kg (45 lb) |
Caliber | 120 mm (4.7 in) 45 caliber |
Elevation | -7° to +20° |
Rate of fire | 12-15 rpm |
Muzzle velocity | 823 m/s (2,700 ft/s) |
Maximum firing range | 11.8 km (7.3 mi) at +20°[1] |
The 120mm 45 caliber Pattern 1892 was a Russian naval gun developed in the years before the Russo-Japanese War that armed a variety of warships of the Imperial Russian Navy during the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. Guns salvaged from scrapped ships found a second life on river gunboats of the Soviet Navy during the Russian Civil War and as coastal artillery and railway artillery during World War II.[2] It was estimated that in 1941 there were 35 still in service.[2]
History[]
In 1891 a Russian naval delegation was shown three guns designed by the French designer Canet. One was a 75/50 gun, one was a 120/45 gun, and the last was a 152/45 gun. All three guns used fixed QF ammunition which produced a rate of fire of 15 rpm for the 75/50 gun, 12 rpm for the 120/45 gun and 10 rpm for the 152/45 gun. The Russians were impressed and in 1892 they negotiated a production license for all three guns.[1]
Construction[]
There were two main series of the 120/45 guns produced. The first series of 76 guns were built between 1897-1905 at the Obhukov factory.[1] During the Russo-Japanese war a number of barrels of the 152/45 guns burst in action and a strengthened series of 152/45 and 120/45 guns were ordered. 34 of the second series of strengthened guns were built between 1905-1915 at the Obhukov factory. Between 1914-1916 production switched to the Perm factory and a further 18 strengthened guns were produced there.[1]
[]
120/45 guns armed a variety of ships such as armored cruisers, auxiliary cruisers, coastal defense ships, destroyers, gunboats, minesweepers, pre-dreadnought battleships, protected cruisers, seaplane tenders and unprotected cruisers of the Imperial Russian Navy built between 1890-1916.[3]
Armored Cruisers
- Dmitriy Donskoi-class - The secondary armament of Dmitrii Donskoi consisted of ten, 120/45 guns, in single mounts after an 1895 refit.[4] The secondary armament of Vladimir Monomakh consisted of six, 120/45 guns, in single mounts after an 1897 refit.[5]
- Rurik - The tertiary armament of this ship consisted of six, 120/45 guns, in single mounts.[6]
Auxiliary Cruisers
- Angara - The primary armament of this ship consisted of six, shielded, 120/45 guns.
- Dnepr - The primary armament of this ship consisted of seven, shielded, 120/45 guns.
- Don - The primary armament of this ship consisted of two, shielded, 120/45 guns.
- Lena - The primary armament of this ship consisted of six, shielded, 120/45 guns.
- Kuban - The primary armament of this ship consisted of two, shielded, 120/45 guns.
- Oryol - The primary armament of this ship consisted of two, shielded, 120/45 guns.[7]
- Rion - The primary armament of this ship consisted of eight, shielded, 120/45 guns.
- Terek - The primary armament of this ship consisted of two, shielded, 120/45 guns.
- Ural - The primary armament of this ship consisted of two, shielded, 120/45 guns.[8]
Coastal defense ships
- Admiral Ushakov-class - The secondary armament of this class of three ships consisted of four, 120/45 guns, in casemates amidships.[9]
Destroyers
- Lieutenant Shestakov-class - The primary armament of this class of four ships consisted of one, forward, shielded, 120/45 gun.[10]
Gunboats
- Gilyak - The primary armament of this ship consisted of one, forward, shielded, 120/45 gun.[11]
- Gilyak-class - The primary armament of this class of four ships consisted of two, shielded, 120/45 guns, in single mounts, fore and aft.[12]
- Korietz-class - Four ships of this class the Donets, Kubanets, Terets and Uralets had a tertiary armament of one, 120/45 gun, after 1905-1921 refits.[13]
- Vogul-class - The primary armament of this ship consisted of two, shielded, 120/45 guns, in single mounts, fore and aft.[14]
Minesweepers
- Sofiya - This ships primary armament consisted of one, 120/45 gun, in a forward single mount.[15]
- Amur-class - This class of two ships primary armament consisted of five 120/45 guns, in single mounts.[16]
Pre-dreadnought Battleships
- Andrei Pervozvanny-class - This class of two ships tertiary armament consisted of twelve, casemated, 120/45 guns, in single mounts. Four guns were in the bow, four in the stern and four amidships.[17]
- Sissoi Veliky - This ships tertiary armament consisted of four, 120/45 guns, in single mounts after a 1904 refit.[18]
- Tri Sviatitelia - This ships tertiary armament consisted of four, 120/45 guns, in single mounts.[19]
- Navarin - This ships tertiary armament consisted of four, 120/45 guns, in single mounts after a 1904 refit.[20]
Protected Cruisers
- Boyarin - The primary armament of this ship consisted of six, shielded, 120/45 guns, in single mounts. One each at the bow and stern and four in sponsons amidships.[21]
- Izumrud-class - This class of two ships primary armament consisted of six, 120/45 guns, in single mounts.[22]
- Novik - The primary armament of this ship consisted of six, 120/45 guns, in single mounts.[23]
Seaplane Tenders
- Imperator Aleksandr I - The primary armament of this ship consisted of six, 120/45 guns, in single mounts.
- Imperator Nikolay I - The primary armament of this ship consisted of six, 120/45 guns, in single mounts.[24]
Unprotected Cruisers
- Almaz - The primary armament of this ship consisted of seven, 120/45 guns, in single mounts after a 1915 refit.[25]
Ammunition[]
Ammunition was of fixed QF type. A complete round weighed 20.4 kg (45 lb).[1]
The gun was able to fire:
Photo gallery[]
References[]
- Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval Weapons of World War One. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-84832-100-7.
Notes[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Friedman, Norman (2011-01-01). Naval weapons of World War One. Seaforth. ISBN 9781848321007. OCLC 786178793.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 DiGiulian, Tony. "Russia / USSR 120 mm/45 (4.7") Pattern 1892 - NavWeaps" (in en). http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNRussian_47-45_m1892.php.
- ↑ "FR RU 4.7in 12cm 45cal 1892 QF Single". http://navalhistory.flixco.info/H/210339x54503/8330/a0.htm.
- ↑ "DMITRIY DONSKOY semi-armoured frigate (1885) - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_dmitriy_donskoy.htm.
- ↑ "VLADIMIR MONOMAKH semi-armoured frigate (1883) - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_vladimir_monomakh.htm.
- ↑ "RIURIK 1st class cruiser (1895) - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_riurik.htm.
- ↑ "armed merchant cruisers of WWI - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cm_amc1.htm.
- ↑ "armed merchant cruisers of Russian-Japanese war 1904 - 1905 - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cm_04_amc.htm.
- ↑ "ADMIRAL USHAKOV coast defence battleships (1897 - 1899) - Imperial Russian Navy". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_admiral_ushakov.htm.
- ↑ "Лейтенант Шестаков <Leytenant Shestakov> destroyers (1909) - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_dd_leytenant_shestakov.htm.
- ↑ "GILYAK gunboat (1899) - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_of_gilyak.htm.
- ↑ "GILYAK gunboats (1907 - 1908) - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_of_gilyak07.htm.
- ↑ "Кубанец <Kubanets> gunboats (1887 - 1889) - Imperial Russian Navy / Soviet Navy (Russia / USSR)". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_of_kubanets.htm.
- ↑ "Вогул <Vogul> river gunboats (1909) - Imperial Russian Navy / Soviet Navy (Russia / USSR)". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_of_vogul.htm.
- ↑ "minesweepers of WWI - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cm_ms_i.htm.
- ↑ "Амур <Amur> minelayers (1909) - Imperial Russian Navy / Soviet Navy (Russia / USSR)". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_ms_amur2.htm.
- ↑ "Андрей Первозванный <Andrey Pervozvannyy> battleships (1912) - Imperial Russian Navy / Soviet Navy (Russia / USSR)". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_andrey_pervozvannyy.htm.
- ↑ "SISOY VELIKIY battleship (1896) - Imperial Russian Navy". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_sisoy_velikiy.htm.
- ↑ "TRI SVYATITELYA turret ship (1897) - Imperial Russian Navy". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_tri_svyatitelya.htm.
- ↑ "NAVARIN turret ship (1896) - Imperial Russian Navy". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_navarin.htm.
- ↑ "BOYARIN 2nd class cruiser (1902) - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_boyarin.htm.
- ↑ "ZHEMCHUG 2nd class cruisers (1904) - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_zhemchug.htm.
- ↑ "NOVIK 2nd class cruiser (1901) - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_novik.htm.
- ↑ "seaplane carriers of WWI - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cm_wwi_av.htm.
- ↑ "ALMAZ 2nd class cruiser (1903) - Imperial Russian Navy (Russia)". http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_almaz.htm.
External links[]
- http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNRussian_47-45_m1892.php
- http://navalhistory.flixco.info/H/210339x54503/8330/a0.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_almaz.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_boyarin.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_dmitriy_donskoy.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_novik.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_riurik.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_vladimir_monomakh.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_zhemchug.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_admiral_ushakov.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_navarin.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_sisoy_velikiy.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_tri_svyatitelya.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_andrey_pervozvannyy.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_of_gilyak.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_of_gilyak07.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_of_vogul.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_of_kubanets.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cm_04_amc.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cm_amc1.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_ms_amur2.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cm_ms_i.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cm_wwi_av.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_dd_leytenant_shestakov.htm
The original article can be found at 120 mm 45 caliber Pattern 1892 and the edit history here.