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'''104 Company of Syndicalists''' ({{lang-pl|104 Kompania Syndykalistów}}) was a military unit created by the [[Union of Polish Syndicalists]] (''Związek Syndykalistów Polskich''), which participated in the [[Warsaw Uprising]]. |
'''104 Company of Syndicalists''' ({{lang-pl|104 Kompania Syndykalistów}}) was a military unit created by the [[Union of Polish Syndicalists]] (''Związek Syndykalistów Polskich''), which participated in the [[Warsaw Uprising]]. |
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* 1st platoon - commandant Ignacy Choynowski (''Rogoza''), who died August 3, 1944. After that, he was replaced by Karol Choynowski (''Karol''), who was severely wounded on August 11, 1944, and was replaced by an unknown officer (nom de guerre ''Nord''), who died around August 20. Finally, last commandant of the platoon was Stanislaw Narczyński (''Mały''), |
* 1st platoon - commandant Ignacy Choynowski (''Rogoza''), who died August 3, 1944. After that, he was replaced by Karol Choynowski (''Karol''), who was severely wounded on August 11, 1944, and was replaced by an unknown officer (nom de guerre ''Nord''), who died around August 20. Finally, last commandant of the platoon was Stanislaw Narczyński (''Mały''), |
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| − | * 2nd platoon - commandant Feliks Murawa (''Smaga'') (seriously sick after August 20, 1944), replaced by Mieczyslaw Teisseyre (''Tesc''), who was severely wounded on August 27, 1944. |
+ | * 2nd platoon - commandant Feliks Murawa (''Smaga'') (seriously sick after August 20, 1944), replaced by Mieczyslaw Teisseyre (''Tesc''), who was severely wounded on August 27, 1944. Platoon's last commandant was Stanisław Komornicki (''Nałęcz''), |
* 3rd platoon - commandant Jozef Dolegowski (''Leśniewski'') (died August 28, 1944) and replaced by Wacław Borowski (''Ryś''). |
* 3rd platoon - commandant Jozef Dolegowski (''Leśniewski'') (died August 28, 1944) and replaced by Wacław Borowski (''Ryś''). |
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===First days=== |
===First days=== |
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| − | At first, the Company had around 50 soldiers, but it quickly grew in size, with numerous volunteers joining.<ref name="WILK"/> On the first day of the Uprising, it took part in two failed attacks on a school located at Barokowa street, in which a German hospital was located. Also, it attacked the ''Polish Securities Printing House'' building, capturing it on the night of August 1/2.<ref name="VOICE">{{cite web|url=http://www.warsawvoice.pl/view/11893/ |title=The Warsaw Voice |publisher=Warsawvoice.pl |
+ | At first, the Company had around 50 soldiers, but it quickly grew in size, with numerous volunteers joining.<ref name="WILK"/> On the first day of the Uprising, it took part in two failed attacks on a school located at Barokowa street, in which a German hospital was located. Also, it attacked the ''Polish Securities Printing House'' building, capturing it on the night of August 1/2.<ref name="VOICE">{{cite web|url=http://www.warsawvoice.pl/view/11893/ |title=The Warsaw Voice |publisher=Warsawvoice.pl |accessdate=2012-05-17}}</ref> |
On the third day of the Uprising, it had some 360 soldiers, who, however, lacked weapons. The situation improved when the Poles captured [[Krasiński Palace]] and seized German guns and grenades as well as 42 German POWs. |
On the third day of the Uprising, it had some 360 soldiers, who, however, lacked weapons. The situation improved when the Poles captured [[Krasiński Palace]] and seized German guns and grenades as well as 42 German POWs. |
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The Company was not only engaged in fighting.<ref name="SYN">{{cite web|url=http://cia.bzzz.net/syndykalisci_w_powstaniu_warszawskim |title=Syndykaliści w Powstaniu Warszawskim | Centrum Informacji Anarchistycznej |publisher=Cia.bzzz.net |date=2006-07-31 |accessdate=2012-05-17}}</ref> It had its own field bakery, which made bread, distributed to civilian population, as well as a field hospital, led by doctor [[Adam Krakowski]]. Furthermore, it had its own press service, consisting of members of the Union of Polish Syndicalists. It published two magazines - ''Iskra'' and ''Syndykalista''. |
The Company was not only engaged in fighting.<ref name="SYN">{{cite web|url=http://cia.bzzz.net/syndykalisci_w_powstaniu_warszawskim |title=Syndykaliści w Powstaniu Warszawskim | Centrum Informacji Anarchistycznej |publisher=Cia.bzzz.net |date=2006-07-31 |accessdate=2012-05-17}}</ref> It had its own field bakery, which made bread, distributed to civilian population, as well as a field hospital, led by doctor [[Adam Krakowski]]. Furthermore, it had its own press service, consisting of members of the Union of Polish Syndicalists. It published two magazines - ''Iskra'' and ''Syndykalista''. |
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| − | After heavy fights in the first weeks of August 1944, the Company became the best-equipped Polish unit in the area of the Old Town.<ref name="SYN"/> It participated in capture of the ''PASTA'' skyscraper and in skirmishes around [[Royal Castle, Warsaw| |
+ | After heavy fights in the first weeks of August 1944, the Company became the best-equipped Polish unit in the area of the Old Town.<ref name="SYN"/> It participated in capture of the ''PASTA'' skyscraper and in skirmishes around [[Royal Castle, Warsaw|Warsaw's Royal Castle]]. Then, under pressure from the Germans, it organized defence of the Old Town, including [[St. John's Cathedral, Warsaw|St. John's Cathedral]]. |
| − | In the second half of August, the Company created its headquarters in the so-called ''Professors’ House'', at 12 Brzozowa Street, where it stayed until general retreat from the district. During several skirmishes back then, the Company used red-black flags of [[Anarcho-syndicalism|Anarcho-syndicalists]], which was at odds with the Home |
+ | In the second half of August, the Company created its headquarters in the so-called ''Professors’ House'', at 12 Brzozowa Street, where it stayed until general retreat from the district. During several skirmishes back then, the Company used red-black flags of [[Anarcho-syndicalism|Anarcho-syndicalists]], which was at odds with the Home Army's [[Military police]], which demanded replacement of the flag with the Polish one and change the name of the Company into 104 Company of the Home Army. It has been estimated that losses (KIA, MIA and WIA) of the unit reached more than 50% of its personnel.<ref name="WILK"/> |
===Final days=== |
===Final days=== |
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| − | In late August 1944 the company, numbering only around 100 soldiers, evacuated through the sewage canals to the [[Warszawa-Śródmieście]] (Warsas city center). There, it became part of the ''Boncza'' Battalion, and took part in fighting in the district of [[Powiśle]], during which the Company was further depleted. The Assault Platoon, with 26 men managed to get to [[Czerniaków]], where it became engaged in heavy fighting. In early September, parts of the company carried out rearguard actions during the evacuation of |
+ | In late August 1944 the company, numbering only around 100 soldiers, evacuated through the sewage canals to the [[Warszawa-Śródmieście]] (Warsas city center). There, it became part of the ''Boncza'' Battalion, and took part in fighting in the district of [[Powiśle]], during which the Company was further depleted. The Assault Platoon, with 26 men managed to get to [[Czerniaków]], where it became engaged in heavy fighting. In early September, parts of the company carried out rearguard actions during the evacuation of Warsaw's Old Town.<ref name="UM">{{cite web|url=http://um.warszawa.pl/news/powstanie/english/33.htm |title=Warszawa - oficjalny portal stolicy Polski - wersja BETA |publisher=Um.warszawa.pl |accessdate=2012-05-17}}</ref> |
| − | On September 15, 1944, three soldiers of the company managed to get across to the eastern bank of the |
+ | On September 15, 1944, three soldiers of the company managed to get across to the eastern bank of the Vistula. Later on more men got across, where they were conscripted into the [[First Polish Army (1944-1945)|First Polish Army]]. |
==References== |
==References== |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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* Stefan Śmigielski, ''Na barykadach Starówki. 104 kompania ZSP-AK w Powstaniu Warszawskim'', Warszawa 1992. |
* Stefan Śmigielski, ''Na barykadach Starówki. 104 kompania ZSP-AK w Powstaniu Warszawskim'', Warszawa 1992. |
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* Stanisław Komornicki, ''Na barykadach Warszawy. Pamiętnik podchorążego Nałęcza'', Warszawa 2003. |
* Stanisław Komornicki, ''Na barykadach Warszawy. Pamiętnik podchorążego Nałęcza'', Warszawa 2003. |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://www.um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/godzina_w/miejsce.php?mi_id=97&dz_id=4 Photo of the building in which the Company was stationed] |
* [http://www.um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/godzina_w/miejsce.php?mi_id=97&dz_id=4 Photo of the building in which the Company was stationed] |
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| + | {{Wikipedia|104th Company of Syndicalists}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:104th Company Of Syndicalists}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:104th Company Of Syndicalists}} |
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Latest revision as of 00:31, 28 April 2020
A memorial tablet in Warsaw, located near the Krasiński Palace, which was captured by soldiers of the 104 Company of Syndicalists on August 2, 1944.
104 Company of Syndicalists (Polish language: 104 Kompania Syndykalistów ) was a military unit created by the Union of Polish Syndicalists (Związek Syndykalistów Polskich), which participated in the Warsaw Uprising.
Formation and structure
It was formed in Warsaw district of Old Town on August 1, 1944, on the first day of the Uprising, as part of Company Rog of the Northern Group of the Home Army, under Colonel Karol Ziemski (nom de guerre Wachnowski).[1]
The 104 Company itself was commanded by Lieutenant Kazimierz Puczyński (nom de guerre Wronski), and his deputy was Witold Potz (nom de guerre Koperski). It consisted of three assault platoons, a reserve platoon, and two labor platoons. The assault platoons were commanded by the following officers:
- 1st platoon - commandant Ignacy Choynowski (Rogoza), who died August 3, 1944. After that, he was replaced by Karol Choynowski (Karol), who was severely wounded on August 11, 1944, and was replaced by an unknown officer (nom de guerre Nord), who died around August 20. Finally, last commandant of the platoon was Stanislaw Narczyński (Mały),
- 2nd platoon - commandant Feliks Murawa (Smaga) (seriously sick after August 20, 1944), replaced by Mieczyslaw Teisseyre (Tesc), who was severely wounded on August 27, 1944. Platoon's last commandant was Stanisław Komornicki (Nałęcz),
- 3rd platoon - commandant Jozef Dolegowski (Leśniewski) (died August 28, 1944) and replaced by Wacław Borowski (Ryś).
Also, it had a unit of Military Service of Women, commanded by Maria Oneker, who died on August 22, 1944, and was replaced by Zofia Garnysz-Strzemięczna.
Participation in the Warsaw Uprising
First days
At first, the Company had around 50 soldiers, but it quickly grew in size, with numerous volunteers joining.[1] On the first day of the Uprising, it took part in two failed attacks on a school located at Barokowa street, in which a German hospital was located. Also, it attacked the Polish Securities Printing House building, capturing it on the night of August 1/2.[2]
On the third day of the Uprising, it had some 360 soldiers, who, however, lacked weapons. The situation improved when the Poles captured Krasiński Palace and seized German guns and grenades as well as 42 German POWs.
The Company was not only engaged in fighting.[3] It had its own field bakery, which made bread, distributed to civilian population, as well as a field hospital, led by doctor Adam Krakowski. Furthermore, it had its own press service, consisting of members of the Union of Polish Syndicalists. It published two magazines - Iskra and Syndykalista.
After heavy fights in the first weeks of August 1944, the Company became the best-equipped Polish unit in the area of the Old Town.[3] It participated in capture of the PASTA skyscraper and in skirmishes around Warsaw's Royal Castle. Then, under pressure from the Germans, it organized defence of the Old Town, including St. John's Cathedral.
In the second half of August, the Company created its headquarters in the so-called Professors’ House, at 12 Brzozowa Street, where it stayed until general retreat from the district. During several skirmishes back then, the Company used red-black flags of Anarcho-syndicalists, which was at odds with the Home Army's Military police, which demanded replacement of the flag with the Polish one and change the name of the Company into 104 Company of the Home Army. It has been estimated that losses (KIA, MIA and WIA) of the unit reached more than 50% of its personnel.[1]
Final days
In late August 1944 the company, numbering only around 100 soldiers, evacuated through the sewage canals to the Warszawa-Śródmieście (Warsas city center). There, it became part of the Boncza Battalion, and took part in fighting in the district of Powiśle, during which the Company was further depleted. The Assault Platoon, with 26 men managed to get to Czerniaków, where it became engaged in heavy fighting. In early September, parts of the company carried out rearguard actions during the evacuation of Warsaw's Old Town.[4]
On September 15, 1944, three soldiers of the company managed to get across to the eastern bank of the Vistula. Later on more men got across, where they were conscripted into the First Polish Army.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "104. kompania Związku Syndykalistów Polskich". Web.archive.org. 2008-06-09. http://web.archive.org/web/20080609011006/http://wilk.wpk.p.lodz.pl/~whatfor/104_komp_zsp.htm. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
- ↑ "The Warsaw Voice". Warsawvoice.pl. http://www.warsawvoice.pl/view/11893/. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Syndykaliści w Powstaniu Warszawskim | Centrum Informacji Anarchistycznej". Cia.bzzz.net. 2006-07-31. http://cia.bzzz.net/syndykalisci_w_powstaniu_warszawskim. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
- ↑ "Warszawa - oficjalny portal stolicy Polski - wersja BETA". Um.warszawa.pl. http://um.warszawa.pl/news/powstanie/english/33.htm. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
Further reading
- Stefan Śmigielski, Na barykadach Starówki. 104 kompania ZSP-AK w Powstaniu Warszawskim, Warszawa 1992.
- Stanisław Komornicki, Na barykadach Warszawy. Pamiętnik podchorążego Nałęcza, Warszawa 2003.
- Stanisław Komornicki, W pułapce losu, Warszawa 2003.
External links
The original article can be found at 104th Company of Syndicalists and the edit history here.